Effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, symptomatic disease, and hospitalization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Booster dose Sars-Cov2 vaccine effectiveness omicron VOC Sars-Cov2 vaccine risk of hospitalization symptomatic omicron infection waning immunity

Journal

Expert review of vaccines
ISSN: 1744-8395
Titre abrégé: Expert Rev Vaccines
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101155475

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
12 2022
Historique:
pubmed: 16 10 2022
medline: 2 12 2022
entrez: 15 10 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of the current Sars-Cov2 vaccine regimens against Omicron infection. A secondary endpoint aims to investigate the waning effectiveness of primary vaccination against symptomatic infection and related hospitalization. The systematic review started on 1 December 2021 and was concluded on 1 March 2022. Random-effects frequentist meta-analyses and multiple meta-regressions were performed. In total, 15 studies are included in the quantitative synthesis. According to the meta-analysis results, the overall risk of Sars-Cov2 infection in vaccinated individuals is on average 31 · 5% lower than the infection risk in unvaccinated while vaccinated with one booster dose have a 70 · 4% risk reduction of Omicron infection compared to unvaccinated. In particular, one booster dose significantly decreases by 69% the risk of symptomatic Omicron infection with respect to unvaccinated. Six months after the primary vaccination, the average risk reduction declines to 22% against symptomatic infection and to 55% against hospitalization. Primary vaccination does not provide sufficient protection against symptomatic Omicron infection. Although the effectiveness of the primary vaccination against hospitalization due to Omicron remains significantly above 50% after 3 months, it dramatically fades after 6 months.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of the current Sars-Cov2 vaccine regimens against Omicron infection. A secondary endpoint aims to investigate the waning effectiveness of primary vaccination against symptomatic infection and related hospitalization.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The systematic review started on 1 December 2021 and was concluded on 1 March 2022. Random-effects frequentist meta-analyses and multiple meta-regressions were performed.
RESULTS
In total, 15 studies are included in the quantitative synthesis. According to the meta-analysis results, the overall risk of Sars-Cov2 infection in vaccinated individuals is on average 31 · 5% lower than the infection risk in unvaccinated while vaccinated with one booster dose have a 70 · 4% risk reduction of Omicron infection compared to unvaccinated. In particular, one booster dose significantly decreases by 69% the risk of symptomatic Omicron infection with respect to unvaccinated. Six months after the primary vaccination, the average risk reduction declines to 22% against symptomatic infection and to 55% against hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary vaccination does not provide sufficient protection against symptomatic Omicron infection. Although the effectiveness of the primary vaccination against hospitalization due to Omicron remains significantly above 50% after 3 months, it dramatically fades after 6 months.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36242513
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2130773
doi:

Substances chimiques

RNA, Viral 0

Types de publication

Meta-Analysis Systematic Review Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1831-1841

Auteurs

Angela Meggiolaro (A)

General Directorate for Health Prevention, Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy.

Monica Sane Schepisi (M)

General Directorate for Health Prevention, Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy.

Sara Farina (S)

Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Carolina Castagna (C)

Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Alessia Mammone (A)

General Directorate for Health Prevention, Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy.

Andrea Siddu (A)

General Directorate for Health Prevention, Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy.

Paola Stefanelli (P)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Stefania Boccia (S)

Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health-Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Giovanni Rezza (G)

General Directorate for Health Prevention, Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy.

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Classifications MeSH