The neurobiology of pain and facial movements in rodents: Clinical applications and current research.
Rat Grimace Scale
facial action units
nociception
nociceptive pathway
rodents
Journal
Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
Titre abrégé: Front Vet Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101666658
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
11
08
2022
accepted:
12
09
2022
entrez:
17
10
2022
pubmed:
18
10
2022
medline:
18
10
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
One of the most controversial aspects of the use of animals in science is the production of pain. Pain is a central ethical concern. The activation of neural pathways involved in the pain response has physiological, endocrine, and behavioral consequences, that can affect both the health and welfare of the animals, as well as the validity of research. The strategy to prevent these consequences requires understanding of the nociception process, pain itself, and how assessment can be performed using validated, non-invasive methods. The study of facial expressions related to pain has undergone considerable study with the finding that certain movements of the facial muscles (called facial action units) are associated with the presence and intensity of pain. This review, focused on rodents, discusses the neurobiology of facial expressions, clinical applications, and current research designed to better understand pain and the nociceptive pathway as a strategy for implementing refinement in biomedical research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36246319
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1016720
pmc: PMC9556725
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1016720Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Domínguez-Oliva, Mota-Rojas, Hernández-Avalos, Mora-Medina, Olmos-Hernández, Verduzco-Mendoza, Casas-Alvarado and Whittaker.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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