Nasal transmission of equine parvovirus hepatitis.
Theiler's disease
biosecurity
intranasal
oral
Journal
Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
Titre abrégé: J Vet Intern Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8708660
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2022
Nov 2022
Historique:
received:
08
04
2022
accepted:
28
09
2022
pubmed:
18
10
2022
medline:
2
12
2022
entrez:
17
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) is highly prevalent and causes subclinical to fatal hepatitis, which can occur in outbreaks. Whereas iatrogenic transmission is well documented, the mode of horizontal transmission is not known. The virus is shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions, and PO transmission has been reported in a single horse. Investigate the efficiency of PO and nasal transmission of EqPV-H in a larger cohort. Prospective experimental transmission study. Eleven EqPV-H-negative horses were inoculated with 5 × 10 No horse became viremic or seroconverted within 8 weeks after PO inoculation. After intranasal inoculation, 5 horses became viremic within 6 to 12 weeks and seroconverted within 10 to 19 weeks. After a period without monitoring from 12 to 19 weeks postinoculation, another 5 horses were found to be viremic at 19 to 22 weeks. The second set of 5 horses could have been infected by horizontal transmission from the first 5 because of cohousing. We demonstrated that EqPV-H can be transmitted nasally. The prolonged eclipse phase before detectable viremia indicates biosecurity measures to control spread could be impractical.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) is highly prevalent and causes subclinical to fatal hepatitis, which can occur in outbreaks. Whereas iatrogenic transmission is well documented, the mode of horizontal transmission is not known. The virus is shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions, and PO transmission has been reported in a single horse.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Investigate the efficiency of PO and nasal transmission of EqPV-H in a larger cohort.
METHODS
METHODS
Prospective experimental transmission study. Eleven EqPV-H-negative horses were inoculated with 5 × 10
RESULTS
RESULTS
No horse became viremic or seroconverted within 8 weeks after PO inoculation. After intranasal inoculation, 5 horses became viremic within 6 to 12 weeks and seroconverted within 10 to 19 weeks. After a period without monitoring from 12 to 19 weeks postinoculation, another 5 horses were found to be viremic at 19 to 22 weeks. The second set of 5 horses could have been infected by horizontal transmission from the first 5 because of cohousing.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that EqPV-H can be transmitted nasally. The prolonged eclipse phase before detectable viremia indicates biosecurity measures to control spread could be impractical.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36250682
doi: 10.1111/jvim.16569
pmc: PMC9708389
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2238-2244Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : K08 AI141767
Pays : United States
Organisme : National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
ID : K08AI141767
Organisme : National Institute of Food and Agriculture
ID : 2020-67015-31297
Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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