Intense long-term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms.
brain connectomics
cognition
endurance exercise
mitochondria
physical activity load
Journal
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 1749-6632
Titre abrégé: Ann N Y Acad Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7506858
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2022
12 2022
Historique:
pubmed:
19
10
2022
medline:
16
12
2022
entrez:
18
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The consequences of extremely intense long-term exercise for brain health remain unknown. We studied the effects of strenuous exercise on brain structure and function, its dose-response relationship, and mechanisms in a rat model of endurance training. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to moderate (MOD) or intense (INT) exercise or a sedentary (SED) group for 16 weeks. MOD rats showed the highest motivation and learning capacity in operant conditioning experiments; SED and INT presented similar results. In vivo MRI demonstrated enhanced global and regional connectivity efficiency and clustering as well as a higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MOD but not INT rats compared with SED. In the cortex, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV and AMPK activation denoted mitochondrial dysfunction in INT rats. An imbalance in cortical antioxidant capacity was found between MOD and INT rats. The MOD group showed the lowest hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers were similar in all groups. In conclusion, strenuous long-term exercise yields a lesser improvement in learning ability than moderate exercise. Blunting of MOD-induced improvements in CBF and connectivity efficiency, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial energetics and, possibly, transient local oxidative stress, may underlie the findings in intensively trained rats.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36256544
doi: 10.1111/nyas.14912
pmc: PMC10092505
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antioxidants
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
282-298Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of New York Academy of Sciences.
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