Mammalian middle ear mechanics: A review.
eardrum
kinematics, mechanics
ligaments
middle ear
muscles
ossicles
synovial joints
Journal
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
ISSN: 2296-4185
Titre abrégé: Front Bioeng Biotechnol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101632513
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
01
07
2022
accepted:
20
09
2022
entrez:
27
10
2022
pubmed:
28
10
2022
medline:
28
10
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The middle ear is part of the ear in all terrestrial vertebrates. It provides an interface between two media, air and fluid. How does it work? In mammals, the middle ear is traditionally described as increasing gain due to Helmholtz's hydraulic analogy and the lever action of the malleus-incus complex: in effect, an impedance transformer. The conical shape of the eardrum and a frequency-dependent synovial joint function for the ossicles suggest a greater complexity of function than the traditional view. Here we review acoustico-mechanical measurements of middle ear function and the development of middle ear models based on these measurements. We observe that an impedance-matching mechanism (reducing reflection) rather than an impedance transformer (providing gain) best explains experimental findings. We conclude by considering some outstanding questions about middle ear function, recognizing that we are still learning how the middle ear works.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36299283
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.983510
pii: 983510
pmc: PMC9589510
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
983510Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Ugarteburu, Withnell, Cardoso, Carriero and Richter.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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