Cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.
COVID-19
Cannabis addiction
Cannabis use disorder
Hospitalization
Mortality
SARS-COV-2
Journal
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
ISSN: 1435-1463
Titre abrégé: J Neural Transm (Vienna)
Pays: Austria
ID NLM: 9702341
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2023
01 2023
Historique:
received:
02
10
2022
accepted:
26
10
2022
pubmed:
9
11
2022
medline:
7
1
2023
entrez:
8
11
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The interaction between cannabis use or addiction and SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes is obscure. As of 08/01/2022 among 57 evaluated epidemiological/clinical studies found in Pubmed-database, most evidence for how cannabis use patterns were influenced by the pandemic was given by two systematic reviews and 17 prospective studies, mostly involving adolescents. In this age group, cannabis use patterns have not changed markedly. For adults, several cross-sectional studies reported mixed results with cannabis use having increased, decreased or remained unchanged. Two cross-sectional studies demonstrated that the severity of adults´ cannabis dependence was either increased as a consequence of increasing cannabis use during the pandemic or not changed. Regarding the effect of cannabis use on COVID-19 outcomes, we found only five retrospective/cross-sectional studies. Accordingly, (i) cannabis use did not impact mild COVID-19 symptoms; (ii) cannabis using individuals experienced more COVID-19-related hospitalizations; (iii) cannabis using veterans were associated with reduced SARS-COV-2 infection rates; (iv) frequent cannabis use was significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality, and (v) cannabis dependents were at higher risk of COVID-19 breakthrough after vaccination. It should be outlined that the validity of these retrospective/cross-sectional studies (all self-reports or register/e-health-records) is rather low. Future prospective studies on the effects of cannabis use on SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes are clearly required for conclusive risk-benefit assessments of the role of cannabis on users' health during the pandemic. Moreover, substance dependence (including cannabis) is associated with (often untreated) somatic comorbidity, which severity is a proven key risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcomes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36346483
doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02564-8
pii: 10.1007/s00702-022-02564-8
pmc: PMC9641691
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
7-18Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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