Chiral and achiral separation of ten flavanones using supercritical fluid chromatography. Application to bee pollen analysis.

The separation of ten flavanones (flavanone, 2'-hydroxyflavanone, 4'-hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, 7-hydroxyflavanone, naringenin, naringin, hesperetin, pinostrobin, and taxifolin) using supercritical fluid chromatography and considering achiral and chiral approaches has been studied in this work. For this purpose, different stationary phases and organic modifiers have been checked. Considering the achiral separation, the best results were obtained with the Lichrospher 100 Diol column at 35 °C, 3 mL/min, 150 bar and a gradient of 2-propanol from 5% to 50%. The baseline separation of the ten compounds was achieved in 18 min. Using the chiral column Chiralpak AD, the separation of the ten pairs of enantiomers was obtained in 32 min. In this case, the chromatographic conditions were 30 °C, 3 mL/min, 150 bar and the organic modifier was a mixture ethanol/methanol (80:20) containing 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid applied in an elution gradient from 15% to 50%. The applicability of the proposed chiral method was assessed by analysing bee pollen samples and 2S-pinostrobin was determined in some of them.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.