Anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 isolated from feces of breast-fed infants.

We investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic activities of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, and expression of inflammatory markers by L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 were quantitatively analyzed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 against various pathogens were also investigated. Treatment of LPS-induced macrophages with cell-free supernatant of L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 significantly decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) levels also significantly decreased in LPS-induced macrophages. Phenotypically, the treatment of L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced macrophages. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was proven to have potent inhibitory activities against various pathogens responsible for inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium), respiratory system (i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae), and vagina (i.e., Candida albicans). L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 has anti-inflammatory activity in terms of decreased expression of cytokines, inflammation-inducible enzymes in LPS-induced macrophages, and anti-pathogenic activity.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.