Post-Event Processing After Embarrassing Situations: Comparing Experience Sampling Data of Depressed and Socially Anxious Individuals.
depression
embarrassment
experience sampling
post-event processing
social anxiety
transdiagnostic processes
Journal
Clinical psychology in Europe
ISSN: 2625-3410
Titre abrégé: Clin Psychol Eur
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9918266187206676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2020
Dec 2020
Historique:
received:
25
02
2020
accepted:
01
11
2020
entrez:
18
11
2022
pubmed:
23
12
2020
medline:
23
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Post-event processing (PEP) after social interactions (SIs) contributes to the persistence of social phobia (SP). This study investigated whether PEP as a transdiagnostic process also occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. We also tested to what extent PEP was explained by trait levels of social anxiety (SA) or depression. For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. Event-based experience sampling was used. PEP was assessed following subjective embarrassment in SIs with two reliable items from the Post-Event Processing Questionnaire. Data were analysed via multilevel regression analyses. Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls and, accordingly, more PEP. The relative frequency of PEP after embarrassing SIs was equally high in all groups (86-96%). The groups did not differ regarding the amount of time PEP was experienced. After controlling trait depression, embarrassment occurred more frequently only in SP compared to controls. When controlling trait SA, between-group differences in indications of embarrassment, and consequently in PEP, dissipated. PEP could be interpreted as a common coping strategy among all individuals, while more frequent embarrassment might be specific for clinical groups. Embarrassment was primarily driven by SA. The alleviation of SA could lead to the reduction of embarrassment and, further, of PEP. On this basis, a model describing PEP in MDD is proposed, while current models of PEP in SP are complemented.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
Post-event processing (PEP) after social interactions (SIs) contributes to the persistence of social phobia (SP). This study investigated whether PEP as a transdiagnostic process also occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. We also tested to what extent PEP was explained by trait levels of social anxiety (SA) or depression.
Method
UNASSIGNED
For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. Event-based experience sampling was used. PEP was assessed following subjective embarrassment in SIs with two reliable items from the Post-Event Processing Questionnaire. Data were analysed via multilevel regression analyses.
Results
UNASSIGNED
Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls and, accordingly, more PEP. The relative frequency of PEP after embarrassing SIs was equally high in all groups (86-96%). The groups did not differ regarding the amount of time PEP was experienced. After controlling trait depression, embarrassment occurred more frequently only in SP compared to controls. When controlling trait SA, between-group differences in indications of embarrassment, and consequently in PEP, dissipated.
Conclusions
UNASSIGNED
PEP could be interpreted as a common coping strategy among all individuals, while more frequent embarrassment might be specific for clinical groups. Embarrassment was primarily driven by SA. The alleviation of SA could lead to the reduction of embarrassment and, further, of PEP. On this basis, a model describing PEP in MDD is proposed, while current models of PEP in SP are complemented.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36398063
doi: 10.32872/cpe.v2i4.2867
pii: cpe.v2i4.2867
pmc: PMC9645469
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e2867Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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