Evaluation of Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects of Genistein on PC3 Prostate Cell Line under Three-Dimensional Culture Medium
Apoptosis
Genistein
Three-dimensional cell culture
Journal
Iranian biomedical journal
ISSN: 2008-823X
Titre abrégé: Iran Biomed J
Pays: Iran
ID NLM: 9814853
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 11 2022
01 11 2022
Historique:
aheadofprint:
20
11
2022
entrez:
20
11
2022
pubmed:
21
11
2022
medline:
25
11
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality among men. Genistein (GNT) is an isoflavone found naturally in legumes. Isoflavones, a subset of phytoestrogens, are structurally similar to mammalian estrogens. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT on PC3 cell line under three dimensional (3D) culture medium. The 3D culture was created by encapsulating the PC3 cells in alginate hydrogel. MTT assay, neutral red uptake, comet assay, and cytochrome C assay were used to study the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT at 120, 240, and 480 μM concentrations. Also, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and glutathione assay levels were determined to evaluate the effect of GNT on the cellular stress. The culture medium was used as the negative control. GNT reduced the production of cellular NO and increased the production of catalase and glutathione, confirming the results of the NO test. Evaluation of the toxicity effect of GNT at the concentrations of 120, 240, and 480 μM using comet assay showed that this chemical agent induces apoptosis in PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the level of cytochrome C in PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of GNT was not significantly different from that of the control, GNT could induce apoptosis in PC3 cells through the non-mitochondrial pathway. The findings of this study disclose that the anticancer effect of GNT on PC3 cells under 3D culture conditions could increase the effectiveness of treatment. Also, the cell survival rate is dependent on GNT concentration.
Sections du résumé
Background
Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality among men. Genistein (GNT) is an isoflavone found naturally in legumes. Isoflavones, a subset of phytoestrogens, are structurally similar to mammalian estrogens. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT on PC3 cell line under three dimensional (3D) culture medium.
Methods
The 3D culture was created by encapsulating the PC3 cells in alginate hydrogel. MTT assay, neutral red uptake, comet assay, and cytochrome C assay were used to study the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT at 120, 240, and 480 μM concentrations. Also, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and glutathione assay levels were determined to evaluate the effect of GNT on the cellular stress. The culture medium was used as the negative control.
Results
GNT reduced the production of cellular NO and increased the production of catalase and glutathione, confirming the results of the NO test. Evaluation of the toxicity effect of GNT at the concentrations of 120, 240, and 480 μM using comet assay showed that this chemical agent induces apoptosis in PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the level of cytochrome C in PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of GNT was not significantly different from that of the control, GNT could induce apoptosis in PC3 cells through the non-mitochondrial pathway.
Conclusion
The findings of this study disclose that the anticancer effect of GNT on PC3 cells under 3D culture conditions could increase the effectiveness of treatment. Also, the cell survival rate is dependent on GNT concentration.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36403104
doi: 10.52547/ibj.3711
pmc: PMC9763873
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antineoplastic Agents
0
Catalase
EC 1.11.1.6
Cytochromes c
9007-43-6
Genistein
DH2M523P0H
Culture Media
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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