Major and minor criteria for gastric dystemperaments in Persian Medicine: Sari gastric dystemperament criteria-I (SGDC-I).

Iranian traditional medicine Mizaj Persian medicine Stomach Su-e-Mizaj Temperament

Journal

Caspian journal of internal medicine
ISSN: 2008-6164
Titre abrégé: Caspian J Intern Med
Pays: Iran
ID NLM: 101523876

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2022
Historique:
received: 29 09 2020
revised: 22 06 2021
accepted: 08 08 2021
entrez: 24 11 2022
pubmed: 25 11 2022
medline: 25 11 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Gastric disorders are one of the most common human ailments, which impose a huge economic burden on countries. In Persian Medicine (PM), it is possible to predict the susceptibility to gastric diseases with diagnosis of gastric Mizajes (temperaments) and dystemperaments. The semiology of gastric dystemperaments has been investigated in PM textbooks, although the value of each sign and symptom is not mentioned. Consequently, this research is designed to determine the major and minor criteria for classifying gastric dystemperaments on the basis of valid manuscripts and with the help of PM specialists in the present era. This was a consensus-based study consisting of four phases. In the first phase, reference PM textbooks were studied. Symptoms and signs of gastric dystemperaments were collected and listed in four groups. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews with a sample of PM experts were carried out. Phase three included a focused group discussion with experts. Eventually, findings were integrated from the three study phases in a two-day meeting in Sari City. Selected criteria included eight major and eight minor criteria for hot-cold dystemperament, as well as six major and eight minor criteria for wet-dry gastric dystemperament. Modern lifestyles and the interfering factors are responsible for some changes in diagnostic signs and symptoms according to PM. This was the first step to coordinate PM diagnostic criteria for gastric dystemperaments. Further studies are recommended to reach a unique protocol in the field of PM diagnostics. The next step includes design and validation of national diagnostic tools.

Sections du résumé

Background UNASSIGNED
Gastric disorders are one of the most common human ailments, which impose a huge economic burden on countries. In Persian Medicine (PM), it is possible to predict the susceptibility to gastric diseases with diagnosis of gastric Mizajes (temperaments) and dystemperaments. The semiology of gastric dystemperaments has been investigated in PM textbooks, although the value of each sign and symptom is not mentioned. Consequently, this research is designed to determine the major and minor criteria for classifying gastric dystemperaments on the basis of valid manuscripts and with the help of PM specialists in the present era.
Methods UNASSIGNED
This was a consensus-based study consisting of four phases. In the first phase, reference PM textbooks were studied. Symptoms and signs of gastric dystemperaments were collected and listed in four groups. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews with a sample of PM experts were carried out. Phase three included a focused group discussion with experts. Eventually, findings were integrated from the three study phases in a two-day meeting in Sari City.
Results UNASSIGNED
Selected criteria included eight major and eight minor criteria for hot-cold dystemperament, as well as six major and eight minor criteria for wet-dry gastric dystemperament.
Conclusion UNASSIGNED
Modern lifestyles and the interfering factors are responsible for some changes in diagnostic signs and symptoms according to PM. This was the first step to coordinate PM diagnostic criteria for gastric dystemperaments. Further studies are recommended to reach a unique protocol in the field of PM diagnostics. The next step includes design and validation of national diagnostic tools.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36420335
doi: 10.22088/cjim.13.4.681
pmc: PMC9659836
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

681-688

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

None declared.

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Auteurs

Mahshid Chaichi-Raghimi (M)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Reza Ilkhani (R)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Elham Parsa (E)

Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine (Persian Medicine), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Mahmood Khodadoost (M)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Rasool Choopani (R)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Roshanak Mokaberinejad (R)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mojgan Tansaz (M)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mina Movahhed (M)

Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Hasan Namdar (H)

Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran.

Elham Emaratkar (E)

Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran.

Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo (M)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.

Mamak Hashemi (M)

Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Malihe Tabarrai (M)

Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Reihaneh Moeini (R)

Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Narjes Gorji (N)

Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Abbas Alipour (A)

Community Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Parisa Jafari (P)

Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Fatemeh Hakimi (F)

Clinical Research Development Unit, Moradi Hospital in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Farideh Yaghmaei (F)

Department of Nursing, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

Armin Zareiyan (A)

Community Health Department, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Ali Montazeri (A)

Institute for Health Sciences Research, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

Morteza Mojahedi (M)

Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Classifications MeSH