The Evolving Landscape of Viral, Immune, and Molecular Biomarkers in Penile Cancer.
Biomarkers
HPV
Immunotherapy
Penile cancer
Targeted therapy
Journal
The Urologic clinics of North America
ISSN: 1558-318X
Titre abrégé: Urol Clin North Am
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0423221
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2023
Feb 2023
Historique:
entrez:
24
11
2022
pubmed:
25
11
2022
medline:
29
11
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Penile cancer is relatively rare in North America and Europe (<1% of all malignant neoplasms); however, it remains a significant health concern with a higher propensity of cases in many African, South American, and Asian countries. It occurs primarily in older men with a peak incidence in the 6th decade of life. The etiology of penile cancer is multifactorial and there are many risk factors including lack of neonatal circumcision, chronic inflammation, lichen sclerosis, tobacco use, obesity, poor hygiene, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Pathogenesis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) can be broadly dichotomized into HPV related and non-HPV-related pathways which will be discussed in detail in this review.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36424078
pii: S0094-0143(22)00073-8
doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.09.013
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
145-150Informations de copyright
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