Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation.
4Rs principle
Animal experimentation
Animal model
Animal welfare
Bioethics
Journal
Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene
ISSN: 2421-4248
Titre abrégé: J Prev Med Hyg
Pays: Italy
ID NLM: 9214440
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2022
Jun 2022
Historique:
entrez:
8
12
2022
pubmed:
9
12
2022
medline:
15
12
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Animal experimentation is widely used around the world for the identification of the root causes of various diseases in humans and animals and for exploring treatment options. Among the several animal species, rats, mice and purpose-bred birds comprise almost 90% of the animals that are used for research purpose. However, growing awareness of the sentience of animals and their experience of pain and suffering has led to strong opposition to animal research among many scientists and the general public. In addition, the usefulness of extrapolating animal data to humans has been questioned. This has led to Ethical Committees' adoption of the 'four Rs' principles (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement and Responsibility) as a guide when making decisions regarding animal experimentation. Some of the essential considerations for humane animal experimentation are presented in this review along with the requirement for investigator training. Due to the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in experimentation, their use is declining in those research areas where alternative in vitro or in silico methods are available. However, so far it has not been possible to dispense with experimental animals completely and further research is needed to provide a road map to robust alternatives before their use can be fully discontinued.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36479489
doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2768
pmc: PMC9710398
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
E255-E266Investigateurs
Derek Pheby
(D)
Gary Henehan
(G)
Richard Brown
(R)
Paul Sieving
(P)
Peter Sykora
(P)
Robert Marks
(R)
Benedetto Falsini
(B)
Natale Capodicasa
(N)
Stanislav Miertus
(S)
Lorenzo Lorusso
(L)
Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
(GM)
Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
(MC)
Munis Dundar
(M)
Sandro Michelini
(S)
Daniele Malacarne
(D)
Tommaso Beccari
(T)
Michele Samaja
(M)
Matteo Bertelli
(M)
Donald Martin
(D)
Assunta Morresi
(A)
Ariola Bacu
(A)
Karen L Herbst
(KL)
Mykhaylo Kapustin
(M)
Liborio Stuppia
(L)
Ludovica Lumer
(L)
Giampietro Farronato
(G)
Informations de copyright
©2022 Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy.
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