Partial refuges from biological control due to intraspecific variation in protective host traits.
Halyomorpha halys
Trissolcus japonicus
intraspecific variation
nontarget effects
refuge theory
Journal
Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
ISSN: 1051-0761
Titre abrégé: Ecol Appl
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9889808
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2023
06 2023
Historique:
revised:
19
10
2022
received:
27
04
2022
accepted:
07
11
2022
medline:
5
6
2023
pubmed:
12
12
2022
entrez:
11
12
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Predicting how much of a host or prey population may be attacked by their natural enemies is fundamental to several subfields of applied ecology, particularly biological control of pest organisms. Hosts or prey can occupy refuges that prevent them from being killed by natural enemies, but habitat or ecological refuges are challenging or impossible to predict in a laboratory setting-which is often where efficacy and specificity testing of candidate biological control agents is done. Here we explore how intraspecific variation in continuous traits of individuals or groups that confer some protection from natural enemy attack-even after the natural enemy has encountered the prey-could provide partial refuges. The size of these trait-based refuges (i.e., the proportion of prey that survive natural enemy encounters due to protective traits) should depend on the relationship between trait values and host/prey susceptibility to natural enemy attack and on how common different trait values are within a host/prey population. These can be readily estimated in laboratory testing of natural enemy impact on target or nontarget prey or hosts as long as sufficient host material is available. We provide a general framework for how intraspecific variation in protective host traits could be integrated into biological control research, specifically with reference to nontarget testing as part of classical biological control programs. As a case study, we exposed different host clutch sizes of target (pest) and nontarget (native species) stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) species to a well-studied exotic biocontrol agent, the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). We predicted that the smallest and largest clutches would occupy trait-based refuges from parasitism. Although we observed several behavioral and reproductive responses to variation in host egg mass size by T. japonicus, they did not translate to increases in host survival large enough to change the conclusions of nontarget testing. We encourage researchers to investigate intraspecific variation in a wider variety of protective host and prey traits and their consequences for refuge size.
Banques de données
figshare
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Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e2796Informations de copyright
© 2022 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Ecological Applications © 2022 The Ecological Society of America. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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