Current Inequities in Smoking Prevalence on District Level in Iran: A Systematic Analysis on the STEPS Survey.
Epidemiology
Public health
Smoking
Social determinants of health
Tobacco smoke pollution
Journal
Journal of research in health sciences
ISSN: 2228-7809
Titre abrégé: J Res Health Sci
Pays: Iran
ID NLM: 101480094
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Dec 2021
28 Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
06
09
2021
accepted:
28
11
2021
entrez:
13
12
2022
pubmed:
14
12
2022
medline:
15
12
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The prevalence of tobacco smoking and its burden on societies is not homogenous at the national and district levels. This nationwide study aimed to investigate current inequalities in the prevalence of smoking at the district level and the association of smoking behaviors with gender, wealth, education, and urbanization in Iran. A cross-sectional study. This study was conducted by analyzing the data of the STEPS survey 2016 with 30 541 participants. The small-area estimation method using the Bayesian spatial hierarchical multilevel regression model was employed to generate district-level prevalence of all types of smoking by gender. The inequalities between the groups by wealth, education, and urbanization were investigated via concentration index. The prevalence rates of current daily cigarette smoking were found to be at the range of 4.6-40.9 and 0-4.5 among men and women, respectively. Current daily cigarette smoking was higher in men than in women: 19.0 (95% CI: 9.5-28.7) vs 0.7 (95% CI: 0-6.9). Women with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to smoke tobacco or be exposed to secondhand smoking. On the other hand, men with higher wealth or education indices were more likely to smoke tobacco. Men with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoking. The smoking behavior varied significantly at the district level in Iran. Gender, wealth, education, and urbanization were determinants of smoking prevalence.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of tobacco smoking and its burden on societies is not homogenous at the national and district levels. This nationwide study aimed to investigate current inequalities in the prevalence of smoking at the district level and the association of smoking behaviors with gender, wealth, education, and urbanization in Iran.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
A cross-sectional study.
METHODS
METHODS
This study was conducted by analyzing the data of the STEPS survey 2016 with 30 541 participants. The small-area estimation method using the Bayesian spatial hierarchical multilevel regression model was employed to generate district-level prevalence of all types of smoking by gender. The inequalities between the groups by wealth, education, and urbanization were investigated via concentration index.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of current daily cigarette smoking were found to be at the range of 4.6-40.9 and 0-4.5 among men and women, respectively. Current daily cigarette smoking was higher in men than in women: 19.0 (95% CI: 9.5-28.7) vs 0.7 (95% CI: 0-6.9). Women with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to smoke tobacco or be exposed to secondhand smoking. On the other hand, men with higher wealth or education indices were more likely to smoke tobacco. Men with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoking.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The smoking behavior varied significantly at the district level in Iran. Gender, wealth, education, and urbanization were determinants of smoking prevalence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36511256
pii: 7208
doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2022.75
pmc: PMC9315459
doi:
Substances chimiques
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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