Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects.
Myocardium
athletes
cardiac necrosis
cardiac troponins
cardiomyocytes
healthy subjects
tissue necrosis
Journal
BioFactors (Oxford, England)
ISSN: 1872-8081
Titre abrégé: Biofactors
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8807441
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Mar 2023
Historique:
received:
08
11
2022
accepted:
24
11
2022
medline:
14
4
2023
pubmed:
16
12
2022
entrez:
15
12
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The cardiac troponins (cTns), cardiac troponin C (cTnC), cTnT, and cTnI are key elements of myocardial apparatus, fixed as protein complex on the thin filament of sarcomere and are involved in the regulation of excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Ca
Substances chimiques
Troponin T
0
Troponin I
0
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
351-364Subventions
Organisme : Abbott Laboratories
ID : N. 349, 2021
Informations de copyright
© 2022 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Références
Saggin L, Gorza L, Ausoni S, Schiaffino S. Troponin I switching in the developing heart. J Biol Chem. 1989;264(27):16299-302.
Hinken AC, Solaro RJ. A dominant role of cardiac molecular motors in the intrinsic regulation of ventricular ejection and relaxation. Physiology (Bethesda). 2007;22:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00043.2006
Ho CY, Charron P, Richard P, Girolami F, Van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Pinto Y. Genetic advances in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies: state of the art. Cardiovasc Res. 2015;105(4):397-408. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvv025
Kimura A. Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet. 2016;61:41-50.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-64.
Giannitsis E, Katus HA. Cardiac troponin level elevations not related to acute coronary syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013 Nov;10(11):623-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.129
Hamm CW, Giannitsis E, Katus HA. Cardiac troponin elevations in patients without acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2002;106(23):2871-2.
Jeremias A, Gibson CM. Narrative review: alternative causes for elevated cardiac troponin levels when acute coronary syndromes are excluded. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(9):786-91.
Agewall S, Giannitsis E, Jernberg T, Katus H. Troponin elevation in coronary vs. non-coronary disease. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(4):404-11.
Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Padoan A, Masotti S, Musetti V, Prontera C, et al. Evaluation of analytical performance of immunoassay methods for cTnI and cTnT: from theory to practice. Adv Clin Chem. 2019;93:239-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.005
Bleier J, Vorderwinkler KP, Falkensammer J, Mair P, Dapunt O, Puschendorf B, et al. Different intracellular compartmentations of cardiac troponins and myosin heavy chains: a causal connection to their different early release after myocardial damage. Clin Chem. 1998;44(9):1912-8.
Hickman PE, Potter JM, Aroney C, Koerbin G, Southcott E, Wu AH, et al. Cardiac troponin may be released by ischemia alone, without necrosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Mar;411(5-6):318-23.
White HD. Pathobiology of troponin elevations: do elevations occur with myocardial ischemia as well as necrosis? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(24):2406-8.
Chiong M, Wang ZV, Pedrozo Z, Cao DJ, Troncoso R, Ibacache M, et al. Cardiomyocyte death: mechanisms and translational implications. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2(12):e244.
Katus HA, Remppis A, Looser S, Hallermeier K, Scheffold T, Kübler W. Enzyme linked immuno assay of cardiac troponin T for the detection of acute myocardial infarction in patients. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1989;21(12):1349-53.
Gerhardt W, Katus H, Ravkilde J, Hamm C, Jørgensen PJ, Peheim E, et al. S-troponin T in suspected ischemic myocardial injury compared with mass and catalytic concentrations of S-creatine kinase isoenzyme MB. Clin Chem. 1991;37(8):1405-11.
Nagata S, Hanayama R, Kawane K. Autoimmunity and the clearance of dead cells. Cell. 2010;140(5):619-30.
Kung G, Konstantinidis K, Kitsis RN. Programmed necrosis, not apoptosis, in the heart. Circ Res. 2011;108(8):1017-36.
Chan FK, Luz NF, Moriwaki K. Programmed necrosis in the cross talk of cell death and inflammation. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:79-106.
Chen X, Li W, Ren J, Huang D, He WT, Song Y, et al. Translocation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein to plasma membrane leads to necrotic cell death. Cell Res. 2014;24(1):105-21.
Lázár E, Sadek HA, Bergmann O. Cardiomyocyte renewal in the human heart: insights from the fall-out. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(30):2333-42.
Clerico A, Giannoni A, Prontera T, Giovannini S. High-sensitivity troponin: a new tool for pathophysiological investigation and clinical practice. Adv Clin Chem. 2009;49:1-30.
Bergmann O, Zdunek S, Felker A, Salehpour M, Alkass K, Bernard S, et al. Dynamics of cell generation and turnover in the human heart. Cell. 2015;161(7):1566-75.
Hammarsten O, Mair J, Möckel M, Lindahl B, Jaffe AS. Possible mechanisms behind cardiac troponin elevations. Biomarkers. 2018;23(8):725-34.
Swildens J, de Vries AA, Li Z, Umar S, Atsma DE, Schalij MJ, et al. Integrin stimulation favors uptake of macromolecules by cardiomyocytes in vitro. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2010;26(6):999-1010.
Ellis RJ. Macromolecular crowding: obvious but underappreciated. Trends Biochem Sci. 2001;26(10):597-604.
Shamipour S, Caballero-Mancebo S, Heisenberg CP. Cytoplasm's got moves. Dev Cell. 2021;56(2):213-26.
Terasaki M, Miyake K, McNeil PL. Large plasma membrane disruptions are rapidly resealed by Ca2+−dependent vesicle-vesicle fusion events. J Cell Biol. 1997;139(1):63-74. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.1.6
Cummins P, Young A, Auckland ML, Michie CA, Stone PC, Shepstone BJ. Comparison of serum cardiac specific troponin-I with creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, tropomyosin, myoglobin and C-reactive protein release in marathon runners: cardiac or skeletal muscle trauma? Eur J Clin Invest. 1987;17(4):317-24.
Bodor GS, Porter S, Landt Y, Ladenson JH. Development of monoclonal antibodies for an assay of cardiac troponin-l and preliminary results in suspected cases of myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 1992;38:2203-14.
Wu AHB, Apple FS, Gibler WB, Jesse RL, Warshaw MM, Valdes R Jr. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Standards of Laboratory Practice: recommendations for use of cardiac markers in coronary artery diseases. Clin Chem. 1999;45:1104-21.
Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, et al., editors. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2021;74(6):544. English, Spanish. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2021.05.002
Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2015 Dec;68(12):1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2015.10.009
Stark M, Kerndt CC, Sharma S. Troponin 2021. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021.
Apple FS, Collinson PO. IFCC task force on clinical applications of cardiac biomarkers. Analytical characteristics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Clin Chem. 2012;58(1):54-61. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.165795 Erratum in: Clin Chem. 2012 Apr;58(4).
Panteghini M, Pagani F, Yeo KT, Apple FS, Christenson RH, Dati F, et al. Committee on standardization of markers of cardiac damage of the IFCC. Evaluation of imprecision for cardiac troponin assays at low-range concentrations. Clin Chem. 2004 Feb;50(2):327-32. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.026815
Wu AHB, Christenson RH, Greene DN, Jaffe AS, Kavsak PA, Ordonez-Llanos J, et al. Clinical laboratory practice recommendations for the use of cardiac troponin in acute coronary syndrome: expert opinion from the academy of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and the task force on clinical applications of cardiac bio-markers of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Clin Chem. 2018 Apr;64(4):645-55. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.277186
Clerico A, Ripoli A, Zaninotto M, Masotti S, Musetti V, Ciaccio M, et al. Head-to-head comparison of plasma cTnI concentration values measured with three high-sensitivity methods in a large Italian population of healthy volunteers and patients admitted to emergency department with acute coronary syndrome: a multi-center study. Clin Chim Acta. 2019 Sep;496:25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.06.012
Franzini M, Lorenzoni V, Masotti S, Prontera C, Chiappino D, Latta DD, et al. The calculation of the cardiac troponin T 99th percentile of the reference population is affected by age, gender, and population selection: a multicenter study in Italy. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;1(438):376-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.010
Musetti V, Masotti S, Prontera C, Storti S, Ndreu R, Zucchelli GC, et al. Evaluation of the analytical performance of a new ADVIA immunoassay using the centaur XPT platform system for the measurement of cardiac troponin I. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018 Aug 28;56(9):e229-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0054
Masotti S, Musetti V, Prontera C, Storti S, Passino C, Clerico A. Evaluation and comparison with other high-sensitivity methods of analytical performance and measured values of a new laboratory test for cardiac troponin I assay. J Appl Lab Med. 2021;6(5):1237-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab017
Marjot J, Kaier TE, Martin ED, Reji SS, Copeland O, Iqbal M, et al. Quantifying the release of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis from cardiac myocytes and intact myocardium. Clin Chem. 2017 May;63(5):990-6. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.264648
Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Jesse RL, Newby LK, Ravkilde J, Storrow AB, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory medicine practice guidelines: clinical characteristics and utilization of biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2007;115(13):e356-75.
Solecki K, Dupuy AM, Kuster N, Leclercq F, Gervasoni R, Macia JC, et al. Kinetics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T or troponin I compared to creatine kinase in patients with revascularized acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53(5):707-14. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2014-0475
Pickering JW, Young JM, George PM, Pemberton CJ, Watson A, Aldous SJ, et al. Early kinetic profiles of troponin I and T measured by high-sensitivity assays in patients with myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Jun;505:15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.009
Michielsen EC, Diris JH, Kleijnen VW, Wodzig WK, Van Dieijen-Visser MP. Investigation of release and degradation of cardiac troponin T in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Biochem. 2007 Aug;40(12):851-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.004
Árnadóttir Á, Pedersen S, Bo HR, Goetze JP, Friis-Hansen LJ, Bloch-Münster AM, et al. Temporal release of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I and Copeptin after brief induced coronary artery balloon occlusion in humans. Circulation. 2021 Mar 16;143(11):1095-104. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046574 Erratum in: Circulation. 2021 Jun 22;143(25):e1116.
Rubini GM, Wildi K, Wussler D, Koechlin L, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, et al., editors. Early kinetics of cardiac troponin in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2021;74(6):502-9. English, Spanish. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2020.04.008
Apple FS, Collinson PO, Kavsak PA, Body R, Ordóñez-Llanos J, Saenger AK, et al. Getting cardiac troponin right: appraisal of the 2020 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Bio-Markers. Clin Chem. 2021 Apr 29;67(5):730-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa337
Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Aimo A, Dittadi R, Cosseddu D, Perrone M, et al. Use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in the emergency department for the early rule-in and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) in Italy. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2021;60(2):169-82. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1085
Chapman AR, Lee KK, McAllister DA, Cullen L, Greenslade JH, Parsonage W, et al. Association of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Concentration with Cardiac Outcomes in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. JAMA. 2017 Nov 21;318(19):1913-24. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17488 Erratum in: JAMA 2018 20;319(11):1168. Soerensen NA [corrected to Sorensen NA].
Otsuka T, Kawada T, Ibuki C, Seino Y. Association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and the predicted cardiovascular risk in middle-aged men without overt cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2010;159(6):972-8.
Mair J, Lindahl B, Hammarsten O, Müller C, Giannitsis E, Huber K, et al. How is cardiac troponin released from injured myocardium? Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2018;7(6):553-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872617748553
Horwich TB, Patel J, MacLellan WR, Fonarow GC. Cardiac troponin I is associated with impaired hemodynamics, progressive left ventricular dysfunction, and increased mortality rates in advanced heart failure. Circulation. 2003 Aug 19;108(7):833-8.
Peacock WF 4th, De Marco T, Fonarow GC, Diercks D, Wynne J, Apple FS, et al. Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(20):2117-26.
Authors/Task Force Members, McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(1):4-131. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2333
Bozkurt B, Coats AJS, Tsutsui H, Abdelhamid CM, Adamopoulos S, Albert N, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: Endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(3):352-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2115
Giannitsis E, Müller-Bardorff M, Kurowski V, Weidtmann B, Wiegand U, Kampmann M, et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac troponin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2000;102(2):211-7.
Meyer T, Binder L, Hruska N, Luthe H, Buchwald AB. Cardiac troponin I elevation in acute pulmonary embolism is associated with right ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(5):1632-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00905-0
Rahimtoola A, Bergin JD. Acute pulmonary embolism: an update on diagnosis and management. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2005;30(2):61-114.
Clerico A, Aimo A, Cantinotti M. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins in pediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2021;60(1):18-32. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0976
Meisel SR, Nashed H, Natour R, Abu FR, Saada M, Amsalem N, et al. Differentiation between myopericarditis and acute myocardial infarction on presentation in the emergency department using the admission C-reactive protein to troponin ratio. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248365.
Ragusa R, Prontera C, Di Molfetta A, Cabiati M, Masotti S, Del Ry S, et al. Time-course of circulating cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers after ventricular assist device implantation: comparison between paediatric and adult patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;486:88-93.
Croal BL, Hillis GS, Gibson PH, Fazal MT, El-Shafei H, Gibson G, et al. Relationship between postoperative cardiac troponin I levels and outcome of cardiac surgery. Circulation. 2006;114(14):1468-75.
Horjen AW, Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Norseth J, Seljeflot I, Arnesen H, et al. Troponin I levels in permanent atrial fibrillation-impact of rate control and exercise testing. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;4(16):79.
Kaura A, Arnold AD, Panoulas V, Glampson B, Davies J, Mulla A, et al. Prognostic significance of troponin level in 3121 patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (the NIHR Health Informatics Collaborative TROP-AF study). J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(7):e013684.
Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):929-38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1406761
Khan H, Gamble D, Mezincescu A, Abbas H, Rudd A, Dawson D. A systematic review of biomarkers in Takotsubo syndrome: a focus on better understanding the pathophysiology. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2021 May;19(34):100795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100795
Li G, Wu XW, Lu WH, Cheng J, Wu XY, Ai R, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T: a biomarker for the early risk stratification of type-a acute aortic dissection? Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;109(3):163-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2015.09.007
Liu S, Song C, Bian X, Wang H, Fu R, Zhang R, et al. Elevated cardiac troponin I and short-term mortality in patients with acute type a aortic dissection. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2022;11(8):597-606. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuac070
Ren D, Huang T, Liu X, Xu G. High-sensitive cardiac troponin for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in different chronic kidney disease stages. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):100.
Steiner J, Kerschl M, Erbay A, Abdelwahed YS, Jakob P, Landmesser U, et al. Impact of renal function on outcomes of patients with cardiac troponin elevation and non-obstructive coronary arteries. Int J Cardiol. 2021;15(333):29-34.
Devereaux PJ, Xavier D, Pogue J, Guyatt G, Sigamani A, Garutti I, et al. Characteristics and shortterm prognosis of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:523-8.
Devereaux PJ, Chan MT, Alonso-Coello P, Walsh M, Berwanger O, Villar JC, et al. Association between postoperative troponin levels and 30-day mortality among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. JAMA. 2012;307:2295-304.
Horr S, Reed G, Menon V. Troponin elevation after noncardiac surgery: significance and management. Cleve Clin J Med. 2015;82(9):595-602. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.82a.15076
Horacek JM, Pudil R, Tichy M, Jebavy L, Strasova A, Ulrychova M, et al. Cardiac troponin I seems to be superior to cardiac troponin T in the early detection of cardiac injury associated with anthracycline treatment. Onkologie. 2008;31:559-60.
Sorodoc V, Sirbu O, Lionte C, Haliga RE, Stoica A, Ceasovschih A, et al. The value of troponin as a biomarker of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Life (Basel). 2022;12(8):1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081183
du Fay de Lavallaz J, Prepoudis A, Wendebourg MJ, Kesenheimer E, Kyburz D, Daikeler T, et al. Skeletal muscle disorders: a noncardiac source of cardiac troponin T. Circulation. 2022;145(24):1764-79. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058489
Clerico A, Ripoli A, Masotti S, Musetti V, Aloe R, Dipalo M, et al. Evaluation of 99th percentile and reference change values of a high-sensitivity cTnI method: a multicenter study. Clin Chim Acta. 2019 Jun;493:156-61.
Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Passino C, Aspromonte N, Piepoli MF, Migliardi M, et al. Evidence on clinical relevance of cardiovascular risk evaluation in the general population using cardio-specific biomarkers. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;59(1):79-90. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0310
Farmakis D, Mueller C, Apple FS. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for cardiovascular risk stratification in the general population. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(41):4050-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa083
Aw TC, Huang WT, Le TT, Pua CJ, Ang B, Phua SK, et al. Author correction: high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in cardio-healthy subjects: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7686.
Moksnes MR, Røsjø H, Richmond A, Lyngbakken MN, Graham SE, Hansen AF, et al. Genome-wide association study of cardiac troponin I in the general population. Hum Mol Genet. 2021;30(21):2027-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab124
Caselli C, Cangemi G, Masotti S, Ragusa R, Gennai I, Del Ry S, et al. Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy neonates, children and adolescents measured with a high sensitive immunoassay method: high sensitive troponin I in pediatric age. Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Jul;1(458):68-71.
Jehlicka P, Rajdl D, Sladkova E, Sykorova A, Sykora J. Dynamic changes of high-sensitivity troponin T concentration during infancy: clinical implications. Physiol Res. 2021;70(1):27-32.
Scharhag J, Herrmann M, Urhausen A, Haschke M, Herrmann W, Kindermann W. Independent elevations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponins in endurance athletes after prolonged strenuous exercise. Am Heart J. 2005;150(6):1128-34.
Michielsen EC, Wodzig WK, Van Dieijen-Visser MP. Cardiac troponin T release after prolonged strenuous exercise. Sports Med. 2008;38(5):425-35.
Cirer-Sastre R, Legaz-Arrese A, Corbi F, López-Laval I, Puente-Lanzarote JJ, Hernández-González V, et al. Cardiac troponin T release after football 7 in healthy children and adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):956.
Cirer-Sastre R, Legaz-Arrese A, Corbi F, López-Laval I, George K, Reverter-Masia J. Influence of maturational status in the exercise-induced release of cardiac troponin T in healthy young swimmers. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(2):116-21.
Aengevaeren VL, Hopman MTE, Thompson PD, Bakker EA, George KP, Thijssen DHJ, et al. Exercise-induced cardiac troponin I increase and incident mortality and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2019 Sep 9;140(10):804-14.
Tanboğa IH, Canpolat U, Özcan Çetin EH, Kundi H, Turan S, Celik O, et al. The prognostic role of cardiac troponin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Atherosclerosis. 2021;325:83-8.
Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR, Peret T, Emery S, et al. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(20):1953-66.
Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1814-20.
Romagnoli S, Peris A, De Gaudio AR, Geppetti P. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: from the bench to the bedside. Physiol Rev. 2020;100(4):1455-66.
Ragusa R, Basta G, Del Turco S, Caselli C. A possible role for ST2 as prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. Vascul Pharmacol. 2021;138:106857.
Perrone MA, Spolaore F, Ammirabile M, Romeo F, Caciagli P, Ceriotti F, et al. The assessment of high sensitivity cardiac troponin in patients with COVID-19: a multicenter study. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2021;32:100715.
Sun W, Zhang Y, Wu C, Xie Y, Peng L, Nie X, et al. Incremental prognostic value of biventricular longitudinal strain and high-sensitivity troponin I in COVID-19 patients. Echocardiography. 2021;38(8):1272-81.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):811-8.
Lala A, Johnson KW, Januzzi JL, Russak AJ, Paranjpe I, Richter F, et al. Mount Sinai COVID informatics center. Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(5):533-46.
Sandoval Y, Januzzi JL JR, Jaffe AS. Cardiac Troponin for Assessment of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(10):1244-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.068
Lam L, Aspin L, Heron RC, Ha L, Kyle C. Discrepancy between cardiac troponin assays due to endogenous antibodies. Clin Chem. 2020;66:445-54.
Bularga A, Oskoui E, Fujisawa T, Jenks S, Sutherland R, Apple FS, et al. Macrotroponin complex as a cause for cardiac troponin increase after COVID-19 vaccination and infection. Clin Chem. 2022;68(8):1015-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvac100
Chapelle JP, Aldenhoff MC, Pierard L, Gielen J. Comparison of cardiac troponin I measurements on whole blood and plasma on the stratus CS analyzer and comparison with AxSYM. Clin Chem. 2000;46:1864-6.
Bates KJ, Hall EM, Fahie-Wilson MN, Kindler H, Bailey C, Lythall D, et al. Circulating immunoreactive cardiac troponin forms determined by gel filtration chromatography after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 2010;56(6):952-8. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.133546
Giuliani I, Bertinchant JP, Granier C, Laprade M, Chocron S, Toubin G, et al. Determination of cardiac troponin I forms in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction and patients receiving crystalloid or cold blood cardioplegia. Clin Chem. 1999;45:213-22.
Lam L, Heron C, Aspin L, Ha L, Kyle CV. Change in troponin concentrations in patients with macrotroponin: an in vitro mixing study. Clin Biochem. 2020;85:43-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.08.012
Lam L, Ha L, Gladding P, Tse R, Kyle C. Effect of macrotroponin on the utility of cardiac troponin I as a prognostic biomarker for long term total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Pathology. 2021;53(7):860-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2021.04.005
Madsen LH, Christensen G, Lund T, Serebruany VL, Granger CB, Hoen I, et al. Time course of degradation of cardiac troponin I in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 troponin substudy. Circ Res. 2006;99(10):1141-7.
Cardinaels EP, Mingels AM, van Rooij T, Collinson PO, Prinzen FW, van Dieijen-Visser MP. Time-dependent degradation pattern of cardiac troponin T following myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 2013;59(7):1083-90.
Vroemen WHM, Mezger STP, Masotti S, Clerico A, Bekers O, de Boer D, et al. Cardiac troponin T: only small molecules in recreational runners after Marathon completion. J Appl Lab Med. 2019;3(5):909-11.