Quantum cascade lasers monolithically integrated on germanium.

Silicon (Si) photonics can have a major impact on the development of mid-IR photonics by leveraging on the reliable and high-volume fabrication technologies already developed for microelectronic integrated circuits. Germanium (Ge), already used in Si photonics, is a prime candidate to extend the operating wavelength of Group IV-based photonic integrated circuits beyond 8 µm, and potentially up to 15 µm. High performance quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and interband cascade lasers grown on Si have been demonstrated, whereas no QCLs monolithically integrated on Ge have been reported yet. In this work, we present InAs-based QCLs directly grown on Ge by molecular beam epitaxy. The lasers emitting near 14 µm exhibited threshold current densities as low as 0.8-0.85 kA/cm