Antioxidant effect of spirulina in chronic periodontitis.
Journal
Medicine
ISSN: 1536-5964
Titre abrégé: Medicine (Baltimore)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985248R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Dec 2022
16 Dec 2022
Historique:
entrez:
23
12
2022
pubmed:
24
12
2022
medline:
27
12
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction. However, extracellular release of same results in destruction of surrounding tissue. Spirulina, a potent antioxidant when administered sub gingivally in pockets can offer improved results in chronic periodontitis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spirulina when delivered sub gingivally in patients with chronic periodontitis. Sixty chronic periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were treated with Scaling and Root planning (SRP) followed by placement of placebo (SRP-P) and in Group II (n = 30) Spirulina microspheres were placed sub gingivally (SRP-S) following SRP. Clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Levels of salivary and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated using ultra violet spectrophotometer. At baseline, in both groups there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters. Intra group comparisons of parameters from baseline to 90 days were statistically significant in both groups. After 90 days difference in clinical parameters and salivary MDA levels were statistically significant in SRP-S compared to SRP-P group. Though serum MDA levels were reduced in both groups, they were not significant statistically. Our study concluded that, local drug delivery of Spirulina adjunctive to SRP has potent antioxidant effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction. However, extracellular release of same results in destruction of surrounding tissue. Spirulina, a potent antioxidant when administered sub gingivally in pockets can offer improved results in chronic periodontitis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spirulina when delivered sub gingivally in patients with chronic periodontitis.
METHODS
METHODS
Sixty chronic periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were treated with Scaling and Root planning (SRP) followed by placement of placebo (SRP-P) and in Group II (n = 30) Spirulina microspheres were placed sub gingivally (SRP-S) following SRP. Clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Levels of salivary and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated using ultra violet spectrophotometer.
RESULTS
RESULTS
At baseline, in both groups there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters. Intra group comparisons of parameters from baseline to 90 days were statistically significant in both groups. After 90 days difference in clinical parameters and salivary MDA levels were statistically significant in SRP-S compared to SRP-P group. Though serum MDA levels were reduced in both groups, they were not significant statistically.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Our study concluded that, local drug delivery of Spirulina adjunctive to SRP has potent antioxidant effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36550811
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031521
pii: 00005792-202212160-00019
pmc: PMC9771209
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antioxidants
0
Reactive Oxygen Species
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e31521Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.
Références
Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol (2000). 1994;5:78–111.
Bakdash B. Current patterns of oral hygiene product use and practices. Periodontol (2000). 1995;8:11–4.
Rams TE, Slots J. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents in the periodontal pocket. Periodontol (2000). 1996;10:139–59.
Bollen CM, Quirynen M. Microbiological response to mechanical treatment in combination with adjunctive therapy. A review of the literature. J Periodontol. 1996;67:1143–58.
Golomb G, Friedman M, Soskolne A, et al. Sustained release device containing metronidazole for periodontal use. J Dent Res. 1984;63:1149–53.
Goodson JM. Pharmocokinetic principles controlling efficacy of oral therapy. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1625–32.
Raheja I, Kohli K, Drabu S. Periodontal drug delivery system containing antimicrobial agents. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5:11–6.
Ma G. Microencapsulation of protein drugs for drug delivery: strategy, preparation, and applications. J Control Release. 2014;193:324–40.
Shetty P, Shenai P, Chatra L, et al. Efficacy of Spirulina as an antioxidant adjuvant to corticosteroid injection in management of oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24:347–50.
Nuhu AA. Spirulina (arthrospira) an important source of nutritional and medicinal compounds. J Mar Biol. 2013;23:1–8.
Bhat VB, Madyastha KM. C-phycocyanin: a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;275:20–5.
Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Muthu J, et al. Clinical effects of subgingivally delivered Spirulina gel in chronic periodontitis cases: a placebo controlled clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:2330–3.
Bartold PM, Wiebkin OW, Thonard JC. The effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on gingival proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. J Periodontal Res. 1984;19:390–400.
Girotti AW. Mechanisms of lipid peroxidation. J Free Radic Biol Med. 1985;1:87–95.
Costa FO, Guimarães AN, Cota LO, et al. Impact of different periodontitis case definitions on periodontal research. J Oral Sci. 2009;51:199–206.
Navazesh M, Christensen CM. A comparison of whole mouth resting and stimulated salivary measurement procedures. J Dent Res. 1982;61:1158–62.
Soskolne WA. Subgingival delivery of therapeutic agents in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1997;8:164–74.
Loe H. Mechanical and chemical control of dental plaque. J Clin Periodontol. 1979;6:32–6.
Cobb CM. Microbes, inflammation, scaling and root planing, the periodontal condition. J Dent Hyg. 2008;82:4–9.
Ivic-Kardum M, Juric I, Gall-Troselj K, et al. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2001;35:39–42.
Piero Estrada JE, Bermejo Besc´os P, Villardel Fresno AM. Antioxidant activity of different fractions of Spirulina platensis protean extract. Farmaco. 2001;56:497–500.
Al-Dhabi NF. Heavy metal analysis in commercial Spirulina products for human consumption. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2013;20:383–8.
Salazar M, Chamorro GA, Salazar S, et al. Effect of Spirulina maxima consumption on reproductive and peri- and postnatal development in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 1996;34:353–9.
Chamorro G, Salazar S, Favila-Castillo L, et al. Reproductive and peri-and postnatal evaluation of Spirulina maximain mice. J Appl Phycol. 1997;9:107–12.
Salazar M, Martinez E, Madrigal E, et al. Subchronic toxicity study in mice fed Spirulina maxima. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;62:235–41.
Celec P, Hodosy J, Celecová V, et al. Salivary thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and malondialdehyde—their relationship to reported smoking and to periodontal status described by the papillary bleeding index. Dis Markers. 2005;21:133–7.
Banasova L, Kamodyova N, Jansakova K, et al. Salivary DNA and markers of oxidative stress in patients with chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19:201–7.
Celecova V, Kamodyova N, Tothova L, et al. Salivary markers of oxidative stress are related to age and oral health in adult non-smokers. J Oral Pathol Med. 2013;42:263–6.
DEZwart LL, Meerman JH, Commandeur JN, et al. Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:202–26.
Carton J, Proye M, Polson A. Maintenance of healed periodontal pockets after a single episode of root planing. J Periodontol. 1982;53:420–4.
Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, et al. Evaluation of four modalities of periodontal therapy. Mean periodontal depth, probing attachment level and recession changes. J Periodontol. 1988;59:783–93.
Katsanoulas T, Renee I, Attstrom R. The effect of supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival flora in periodontal pockets. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19:760–5.
Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Dibart S, et al. The effect of SRP on clinical and microbial parameters of periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:324–34.
Warad SB, Kolar SS, Kalburgi V, et al. Lemongrass essential oil gel as a local drug delivery agent for the treatment of periodontitis. Anc Sci Life. 2013;32:205–11.
Bhatia M, Urolagin SS, Pentyala KP, et al. Novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontitis by curcumin. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:65–9.
Miranda MS, Cintra RG, Barros SB, et al. Antioxidant activity of the microalga Spirulina maxima. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998;31:1075–9.
Khalili J, Biloklytska HF. Salivary malondialdehyde levels in clinically healthy and periodontal diseased individuals. Oral Dis. 2008;14:754–60.
Wei D, Zhang XL, Wang YZ, et al. Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 2010;55:70–8.
Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Goodarzi MT, Jamshidi Z, et al. Evaluation of salivary and serum antioxidant and oxidative stress statuses in patients with chronic periodontitis: a case-control study. Front Physiol. 2017;8:189.
Chu WL, Lim YW, Radhakrishnan AK, et al. Protective effect of aqueous extract from Spirulina platensis against cell death induced by free radicals. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:53.