Factors to Consider for the Correct Use of γH2AX in the Evaluation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Damage Caused by Ionizing Radiation.
DNA damage
DNA repair
basal level
double-strand breaks (DSBs)
ionizing radiation
γH2AX scoring
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 Dec 2022
15 Dec 2022
Historique:
received:
22
11
2022
revised:
07
12
2022
accepted:
13
12
2022
entrez:
23
12
2022
pubmed:
24
12
2022
medline:
24
12
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
People exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is constantly increasing. Since the use of IR involves a risk of harmful effects, such as the DNA DSB induction, an accurate determination of this induced DNA damage and a correct evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in the clinical field are of key relevance. γH2AX (the phosphorylated form of the histone variant H2AX) is a very early marker of DSBs that can be induced both in physiological conditions, such as in the absence of specific external agents, and by external factors such as smoking, heat, background environmental radiation, and drugs. All these internal and external conditions result in a basal level of γH2AX which must be considered for the correct assessment of the DSBs after IR exposure. In this review we analyze the most common conditions that induce H2AX phosphorylation, including specific exogenous stimuli, cellular states, basic environmental factors, and lifestyles. Moreover, we discuss the most widely used methods for γH2AX determination and describe the principal applications of γH2AX scoring, paying particular attention to clinical studies. This knowledge will help us optimize the use of available methods in order to discern the specific γH2AX following IR-induced DSBs from the basal level of γH2AX in the cells.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36551689
pii: cancers14246204
doi: 10.3390/cancers14246204
pmc: PMC9776434
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Ministero della Salute
ID : Ricerca corrente
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