Nationwide cohort study identifies clinical outcomes of angioectasia in patients with acute hematochezia.


Journal

Journal of gastroenterology
ISSN: 1435-5922
Titre abrégé: J Gastroenterol
Pays: Japan
ID NLM: 9430794

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 2023
Historique:
received: 17 10 2022
accepted: 18 12 2022
medline: 30 3 2023
pubmed: 24 12 2022
entrez: 23 12 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

While angioectasia is an important cause of acute hematochezia, relevant clinical features remain unclear. This study aims to reveal risk factors, clinical outcomes, and the effectiveness of therapeutic endoscopy for patients with acute hematochezia due to angioectasia. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 49 Japanese hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019, enrolling patients hospitalized for acute hematochezia (CODE BLUE-J study). Baseline factors and clinical outcomes for angioectasia were analyzed. Among 10,342 patients with acute hematochezia, 129 patients (1.2%) were diagnosed with angioectasia by colonoscopy. The following factors were significantly associated with angioectasia: chronic kidney disease, liver disease, female, body mass index < 25, and anticoagulant use. Patients with angioectasia were at a significant increased risk of blood transfusions compared to those without angioectasia (odds ratio [OR] 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-4.02). Among patients with angioectasia, 36 patients (28%) experienced rebleeding during 1-year follow-up. The 1-year cumulative rebleeding rates were 37.0% in the endoscopic clipping group, 14.3% in the coagulation group, and 32.8% in the conservative management group. Compared to conservative management, coagulation therapy significantly reduced rebleeding risk (P = 0.038), while clipping did not (P = 0.81). Multivariate analysis showed coagulation therapy was an independent factor for reducing rebleeding risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.96). Our data showed patients with angioectasia had a greater comorbidity burden and needed more blood transfusions in comparison with those without angioectasia. To reduce rebleeding risk, coagulation therapy can be superior for controlling hematochezia secondary to angioectasia.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
While angioectasia is an important cause of acute hematochezia, relevant clinical features remain unclear. This study aims to reveal risk factors, clinical outcomes, and the effectiveness of therapeutic endoscopy for patients with acute hematochezia due to angioectasia.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 49 Japanese hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019, enrolling patients hospitalized for acute hematochezia (CODE BLUE-J study). Baseline factors and clinical outcomes for angioectasia were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 10,342 patients with acute hematochezia, 129 patients (1.2%) were diagnosed with angioectasia by colonoscopy. The following factors were significantly associated with angioectasia: chronic kidney disease, liver disease, female, body mass index < 25, and anticoagulant use. Patients with angioectasia were at a significant increased risk of blood transfusions compared to those without angioectasia (odds ratio [OR] 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-4.02). Among patients with angioectasia, 36 patients (28%) experienced rebleeding during 1-year follow-up. The 1-year cumulative rebleeding rates were 37.0% in the endoscopic clipping group, 14.3% in the coagulation group, and 32.8% in the conservative management group. Compared to conservative management, coagulation therapy significantly reduced rebleeding risk (P = 0.038), while clipping did not (P = 0.81). Multivariate analysis showed coagulation therapy was an independent factor for reducing rebleeding risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.96).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data showed patients with angioectasia had a greater comorbidity burden and needed more blood transfusions in comparison with those without angioectasia. To reduce rebleeding risk, coagulation therapy can be superior for controlling hematochezia secondary to angioectasia.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36564578
doi: 10.1007/s00535-022-01945-w
pii: 10.1007/s00535-022-01945-w
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

367-378

Subventions

Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 29-2001
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 29-2004
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 19A1011
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 19A1022
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 19A-2015
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 29-1025
Organisme : Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
ID : 30-1020
Organisme : Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
ID : 19HB1003
Organisme : JSPS KAKENHI
ID : JP17K09365
Organisme : JSPS KAKENHI
ID : 20K08366

Informations de copyright

© 2022. Japanese Society of Gastroenterology.

Références

Höchter W, Weingart J, Kühner W, et al. Angiodysplasia in the colon and rectum. Endoscopic morphology, localisation and frequency. Endoscopy. 1985;17:182–5.
pubmed: 3876926 doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1018495
Danesh BJ, Spiliadis C, Williams CB, et al. Angiodysplasia–an uncommon cause of colonic bleeding: colonoscopic evaluation of 1,050 patients with rectal bleeding and anaemia. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1987;2:218–22.
pubmed: 3500991 doi: 10.1007/BF01649509
Sami SS, Al-Araji SA, Ragunath K. Review article: gastrointestinal angiodysplasia—pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39:15–34.
pubmed: 24138285 doi: 10.1111/apt.12527
Farrell JJ, Friedman LS. Review article: the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:1281–98.
pubmed: 15932359 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02485.x
Strate LL, Syngal S. Timing of colonoscopy: impact on length of hospital stay in patients with acute lower intestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:317–22.
pubmed: 12591048
Longstreth GF. Epidemiology and outcome of patients hospitalized with acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:419–24.
pubmed: 9068461
Ueno S, Nakase H, Kasahara K, et al. Clinical features of Japanese patients with colonic angiodysplasia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23:e363–6.
pubmed: 17725595 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05126.x
Hawks MK, Svarverud JE. Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101:206–12.
pubmed: 32053333
Becq A, Rahmi G, Perrod G, et al. Hemorrhagic angiodysplasia of the digestive tract: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86:792–806.
pubmed: 28554655 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.05.018
Parkes BM, Obeid FN, Sorensen VJ, et al. The management of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am Surg. 1993;59:676–8.
pubmed: 8214970
Sekino Y, Endo H, Yamada E, et al. Clinical associations and risk factors for bleeding from colonic angiectasia: a case-controlled study. Colorectal Dis. 2012;14:e740–6.
pubmed: 22709354 doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03132.x
Nishimura N, Mizuno M, Shimodate Y, et al. Risk factors for active bleeding from colonic angiodysplasia confirmed by colonoscopic observation. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016;31:1869–73.
pubmed: 27596107 doi: 10.1007/s00384-016-2651-1
Diggs NG, Holub JL, Lieberman DA, et al. Factors that contribute to blood loss in patients with colonic angiodysplasia from a population-based study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:415–20 (quiz e49).
pubmed: 21320640 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.02.003
Tsai YY, Chen BC, Chou YC, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of active bleeding in colonic angiodysplasia among the Taiwanese. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118:876–82.
pubmed: 30348493 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.001
Strate LL, Gralnek IM. ACG clinical guideline: management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:459–74.
pubmed: 26925883 pmcid: 5099081 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.41
Grooteman KV, van Geenen EJ, Drenth JP. High variation in treatment strategies for gastrointestinal angiodysplasias. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;28:1082–6.
pubmed: 27227688 doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000673
Vargo JJ. Clinical applications of the argon plasma coagulator. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:81–8.
pubmed: 14722558 doi: 10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02296-X
Arribas Anta J, de la Fuente ZC, Martín Mateos R, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to angiodysplasias. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2017;82:26–31.
pubmed: 27894604
Saperas E, Videla S, Dot J, et al. Risk factors for recurrence of acute gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21:1333–9.
pubmed: 19512936 doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830e491c
Jackson CS, Gerson LB. Management of gastrointestinal angiodysplastic lesions (GIADs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:474–83 (quiz 84).
pubmed: 24642577 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.19
Olmos JA, Marcolongo M, Pogorelsky V, et al. Long-term outcome of argon plasma ablation therapy for bleeding in 100 consecutive patients with colonic angiodysplasia. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1507–16.
pubmed: 17024322 doi: 10.1007/s10350-006-0684-1
Grooteman KV, Holleran G, Matheeuwsen M, et al. A risk assessment of factors for the presence of angiodysplasias during endoscopy and factors contributing to symptomatic bleeding and rebleeds. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64:2923–32.
pubmed: 31190204 pmcid: 6744377 doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05683-7
Kaufman D, Leslie G, Marya N, et al. Small intestinal angioectasia: characterization, risk factors, and rebleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51:720–7.
pubmed: 27557115 doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000663
Fan GW, Chen TH, Lin WP, et al. Angiodysplasia and bleeding in the small intestine treated by balloon-assisted enteroscopy. J Dig Dis. 2013;14:113–6.
pubmed: 23216888 doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.12021
Mai SH, Chao DC, Liao SY, et al. Nonisolated small bowel gastrointestinal angiodysplasias are associated with higher rebleeding rates when compared with isolated small bowel gastrointestinal angiodysplasia on video capsule endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52:726–33.
pubmed: 28617760 doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000836
Samaha E, Rahmi G, Landi B, et al. Long-term outcome of patients treated with double balloon enteroscopy for small bowel vascular lesions. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:240–6.
pubmed: 21946281 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.325
Jeon SR, Byeon JS, Jang HJ, et al. Clinical outcome after enteroscopy for small bowel angioectasia bleeding: a Korean associateion for the study of intestinal disease (KASID) multiceter study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:388–94.
pubmed: 27356264 doi: 10.1111/jgh.13479
Holleran G, Hall B, Zgaga L, et al. The natural history of small bowel angiodysplasia. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51:393–9.
pubmed: 26540240 doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1102317
Nagata N, Kobayashi K, Yamauchi A, et al. Identifying bleeding etiologies by endoscopy affected outcomes in 10,342 cases with hematochezia: CODE BLUE-J Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:2222–34.
pubmed: 34388140 pmcid: 8560163 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001413
Nagata N, Kobayashi K, Yamauchi A, et al. Nationwide large-scale data of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in Japan uncover detailed etiologies and relevant outcomes: CODE BLUE J-Study. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.18.21250035:2021.01.18.21250035 .
doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.21250035:2021.01.18.21250035
Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2005;67:2089–100.
pubmed: 15882252 doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x
Matsuo S, Imai E, Horio M, et al. Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:982–92.
pubmed: 19339088 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.034
Stevens PE, Levin A. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:825–30.
pubmed: 23732715 doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007
Nagata N, Ishii N, Manabe N, et al. Guidelines for colonic diverticular bleeding and colonic diverticulitis: Japan gastroenterological association. Digestion. 2019;99(Suppl 1):1–26.
pubmed: 30625484 doi: 10.1159/000495282
Nagata N, Sakurai T, Shimbo T, et al. Acute severe gastrointestinal tract bleeding is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and death. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:1882-9.e1.
pubmed: 28634133 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.028
Oakland K, Guy R, Uberoi R, et al. Acute lower GI bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, interventions and outcomes in the first nationwide audit. Gut. 2018;67:654–62.
pubmed: 28148540
Strate LL, Orav EJ, Syngal S. Early predictors of severity in acute lower intestinal tract bleeding. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:838–43.
pubmed: 12695275 doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.7.838
Kozarek RA, Botoman VA, Bredfeldt JE, et al. Portal colopathy: prospective study of colonoscopy in patients with portal hypertension. Gastroenterology. 1991;101:1192–7.
pubmed: 1936789 doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(91)90067-U
De Palma GD, Rega M, Masone S, et al. Mucosal abnormalities of the small bowel in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a capsule endoscopy study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:529–34.
pubmed: 16185966 doi: 10.1016/S0016-5107(05)01588-9
Gad YZ, Zeid AA. Portal hypertensive colopathy and haematochezia in cirrhotic patients: an endoscopic study. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2011;12:184–8.
pubmed: 22305498 doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2011.11.002
Holleran G, Hall B, Hussey M, et al. Small bowel angiodysplasia and novel disease associations: a cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:433–8.
pubmed: 23356721 doi: 10.3109/00365521.2012.763178
Boccardo P, Remuzzi G, Galbusera M. Platelet dysfunction in renal failure. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2004;30:579–89.
pubmed: 15497100 doi: 10.1055/s-2004-835678
Kobayashi K, Nagata N, Furumoto Y, et al. Effectiveness and adverse events of endoscopic clipping versus band ligation for colonic diverticular hemorrhage: a large-scale multicenter cohort study. Endoscopy. 2022;54:735–44.
pubmed: 34820792 pmcid: 9329063 doi: 10.1055/a-1705-0921
van Cutsem E, Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G. Treatment of bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations with oestrogen-progesterone. Lancet. 1990;335:953–5.
pubmed: 1970032 doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91010-8
Barkin JS, Ross BS. Medical therapy for chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:1250–4.
pubmed: 9707046 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.404_i.x
Menefee MG, Flessa HC, Glueck HI, et al. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease). An electron microscopic study of the vascular lesions before and after therapy with hormones. Arch Otolaryngol. 1975;101:246–51.
pubmed: 1120015 doi: 10.1001/archotol.1975.00780330042011
Tatsumi Y, Ohno Y, Morimoto A, et al. BMI percentile curves for Japanese men and women aged 20–79 years who underwent a health check-up in 1980 and 2005. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013;7:e401–6.
pubmed: 24304482 doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.05.004
Ismail B, Alayoubi MS, Abdelwadoud M, et al. Rebleeding after hemoclip versus argon plasma coagulation for gastrointestinal angiodysplasias: a retrospective multicenter study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;34:184–91.
pubmed: 33731586 doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002098

Auteurs

Mariko Kobayashi (M)

Division of Endoscopic Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Shintaro Akiyama (S)

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Toshiaki Narasaka (T)

Division of Endoscopic Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. tnarasaka@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. tnarasaka@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.

Katsumasa Kobayashi (K)

Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Atsushi Yamauchi (A)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.

Atsuo Yamada (A)

Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Jun Omori (J)

Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Takashi Ikeya (T)

Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.

Taiki Aoyama (T)

Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.

Naoyuki Tominaga (N)

Department of Gastroenterology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan.

Yoshinori Sato (Y)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.

Takaaki Kishino (T)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan.

Naoki Ishii (N)

Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Tsunaki Sawada (T)

Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Masaki Murata (M)

Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.

Akinari Takao (A)

Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Kazuhiro Mizukami (K)

Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University, Oita, Japan.

Ken Kinjo (K)

Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Shunji Fujimori (S)

Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba, Japan.

Takahiro Uotani (T)

Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.

Minoru Fujita (M)

Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan.

Hiroki Sato (H)

Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.

Sho Suzuki (S)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive Disease and Division of Endoscopy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.

Junnosuke Hayasaka (J)

Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Tomohiro Funabiki (T)

Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saiseikai Yokohama Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

Yuzuru Kinjo (Y)

Department of Gastroenterology, Naha City Hospital, Naha, Okinawa, Japan.

Akira Mizuki (A)

Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Shu Kiyotoki (S)

Department of Gastroenterology, Shuto General Hospital, Yanai, Yamaguchi, Japan.

Tatsuya Mikami (T)

Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Aomori, Japan.

Ryosuke Gushima (R)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.

Hiroyuki Fujii (H)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.

Yuta Fuyuno (Y)

Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Naohiko Gunji (N)

Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.

Yosuke Toya (Y)

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.

Kazuyuki Narimatsu (K)

Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.

Noriaki Manabe (N)

Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.

Koji Nagaike (K)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Tetsu Kinjo (T)

Department of Endoscopy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.

Yorinobu Sumida (Y)

Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.

Sadahiro Funakoshi (S)

Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Kiyonori Kobayashi (K)

Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.

Tamotsu Matsuhashi (T)

Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.

Yuga Komaki (Y)

Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, and Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.

Kuniko Miki (K)

Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Kazuhiro Watanabe (K)

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Kiichiro Tsuchiya (K)

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Mitsuru Kaise (M)

Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Naoyoshi Nagata (N)

Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH