The Heat Is On: Modeling the Persistence of ESBL-Producing

Pathways for exposure and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria are major public health issues. Filter-feeding shellfish concentrate bacteria from the environment and thus can also harbor extended-spectrum β-lactamase—producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) as an example of a resistant pathogen of concern. Is the short steaming procedure that blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) undergo before consumption enough for food safety in regard to such resistant pathogens? In this study, we performed experiments to assess the survival of ESBL E. coli in blue mussel. Consequently, a predictive model for the dose of ESBL E. coli that consumers would be exposed to, after preparing blue mussels or similar through the common practice of brief steaming until opening of the shells, was performed. The output of the model is the expected number of colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) of ESBL E. coli in a meal as a function of the duration and the temperature of steaming and the initial contamination. In these experiments, the heat tolerance of the ESBL-producing E. coli strain was indistinguishable from that of non-ESBL E. coli, and the heat treatments often practiced are likely to be insufficient to avoid exposure to viable ESBL E. coli. Steaming time (>3.5−4.0 min) is a better indicator than shell openness to avoid exposure to these ESBL or indicator E. coli strains.