European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network.


Journal

British journal of sports medicine
ISSN: 1473-0480
Titre abrégé: Br J Sports Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0432520

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Historique:
accepted: 18 11 2022
pubmed: 10 1 2023
medline: 22 2 2023
entrez: 9 1 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

(1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36623866
pii: bjsports-2022-106176
doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176
pmc: PMC9985767
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

299-310

Informations de copyright

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: None declared.

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Auteurs

Francisco B Ortega (FB)

Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain ortegaf@ugr.es Gregor.Jurak@fsp.uni-lj.si.
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Bojan Leskošek (B)

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Rok Blagus (R)

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška, Slovenia.

José J Gil-Cosano (JJ)

Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.
Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Spain.

Jarek Mäestu (J)

Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Grant R Tomkinson (GR)

Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Jonatan R Ruiz (JR)

Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.

Evelin Mäestu (E)

Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Gregor Starc (G)

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Ivana Milanovic (I)

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia.

Tuija H Tammelin (TH)

JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Health and Social Studies, LIKES, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Maroje Sorić (M)

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.

Claude Scheuer (C)

European Physical Education Association (EUPEA).
Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.

Attilio Carraro (A)

Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen, Italy.

Mónika Kaj (M)

Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary.

Tamás Csányi (T)

Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

Luis B Sardinha (LB)

Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.

Matthieu Lenoir (M)

Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Arunas Emeljanovas (A)

Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Brigita Mieziene (B)

Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Labros S Sidossis (LS)

Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA.

Maret Pihu (M)

Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Nicola Lovecchio (N)

Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Confederation of Italian Associations of Physical Education Teachers (Capdi & LSM), Venezia, Italy.

Kenn Konstabel (K)

Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Konstantinos D Tambalis (KD)

Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Athens, Greece.

Lovro Štefan (L)

University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.
Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Clemens Drenowatz (C)

Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria.

Lukáš Rubín (L)

Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic.

Seryozha Gontarev (S)

Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.

José Castro-Piñero (J)

GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.

Jérémy Vanhelst (J)

Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France.

Brendan O'Keeffe (B)

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

Oscar L Veiga (OL)

EstiLIFE Research Group. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Thordis Gisladottir (T)

Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland.

Gavin Sandercock (G)

School of Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.

Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic (M)

University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.

Claudia Niessner (C)

Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Eva-Maria Riso (EM)

Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Stevo Popovic (S)

University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro.
Western Balkan Sport Innovation Lab, Podgorica, Montenegro.

Saima Kuu (S)

Tallinn University, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn, Estonia.

Mai Chinapaw (M)

Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Iván Clavel (I)

Galician Sport Foundation, General Sport Secretariat, Galician Government, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Performance and Health Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.

Idoia Labayen (I)

Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Janusz Dobosz (J)

Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland.

Dario Colella (D)

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.

Susi Kriemler (S)

Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Sanja Salaj (S)

University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.

Maria Jose Noriega (MJ)

Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.

Klaus Bös (K)

Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Mairena Sánchez-López (M)

Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain.

Timo A Lakka (TA)

Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.

Garden Tabacchi (G)

Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Dario Novak (D)

University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.

Wolfgang Ahrens (W)

Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.

Niels Wedderkopp (N)

The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Gregor Jurak (G)

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia ortegaf@ugr.es Gregor.Jurak@fsp.uni-lj.si.

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