Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
ADHD
Biological markers
autism spectrum disorder
communication disorders
genome-wide association studies
intellectual disability
motor disorders
neurodevelopmental disorders
neuroimaging
neurophysiology
specific learning disorders
tic disorders
Journal
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)
ISSN: 1723-8617
Titre abrégé: World Psychiatry
Pays: Italy
ID NLM: 101189643
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2023
Feb 2023
Historique:
accepted:
07
10
2022
entrez:
14
1
2023
pubmed:
15
1
2023
medline:
15
1
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Neurodevelopmental disorders - including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, communication disorders, intellectual disability, motor disorders, specific learning disorders, and tic disorders - manifest themselves early in development. Valid, reliable and broadly usable biomarkers supporting a timely diagnosis of these disorders would be highly relevant from a clinical and public health standpoint. We conducted the first systematic review of studies on candidate diagnostic biomarkers for these disorders in children and adolescents. We searched Medline and Embase + Embase Classic with terms relating to biomarkers until April 6, 2022, and conducted additional targeted searches for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and neuroimaging or neurophysiological studies carried out by international consortia. We considered a candidate biomarker as promising if it was reported in at least two independent studies providing evidence of sensitivity and specificity of at least 80%. After screening 10,625 references, we retained 780 studies (374 biochemical, 203 neuroimaging, 133 neurophysiological and 65 neuropsychological studies, and five GWAS), including a total of approximately 120,000 cases and 176,000 controls. While the majority of the studies focused simply on associations, we could not find any biomarker for which there was evidence - from two or more studies from independent research groups, with results going into the same direction - of specificity and sensitivity of at least 80%. Other important metrics to assess the validity of a candidate biomarker, such as positive predictive value and negative predictive value, were infrequently reported. Limitations of the currently available studies include mostly small sample size, heterogeneous approaches and candidate biomarker targets, undue focus on single instead of joint biomarker signatures, and incomplete accounting for potential confounding factors. Future multivariable and multi-level approaches may be best suited to find valid candidate biomarkers, which will then need to be validated in external, independent samples and then, importantly, tested in terms of feasibility and cost-effectiveness, before they can be implemented in daily clinical practice.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36640395
doi: 10.1002/wps.21037
pmc: PMC9840506
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
129-149Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2023 World Psychiatric Association.
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