IGF2: A Role in Metastasis and Tumor Evasion from Immune Surveillance?
immune evasion
insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)
isoform A of insulin receptor (IR-A)
metastasis
resistance to therapies
Journal
Biomedicines
ISSN: 2227-9059
Titre abrégé: Biomedicines
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101691304
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Jan 2023
16 Jan 2023
Historique:
received:
30
12
2022
revised:
12
01
2023
accepted:
13
01
2023
entrez:
21
1
2023
pubmed:
22
1
2023
medline:
22
1
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is upregulated in both childhood and adult malignancies. Its overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and worse prognosis. However, our understanding of its physiological and pathological role is lagging behind what we know about IGF1. Dysregulation of the expression and function of IGF2 receptors, insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), and their downstream signaling effectors drive cancer initiation and progression. The involvement of IGF2 in carcinogenesis depends on its ability to link high energy intake, increase cell proliferation, and suppress apoptosis to cancer risk, and this is likely the key mechanism bridging insulin resistance to cancer. New aspects are emerging regarding the role of IGF2 in promoting cancer metastasis by promoting evasion from immune destruction. This review provides a perspective on IGF2 and an update on recent research findings. Specifically, we focus on studies providing compelling evidence that IGF2 is not only a major factor in primary tumor development, but it also plays a crucial role in cancer spread, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. Further studies are needed in order to find new therapeutic approaches to target IGF2 action.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36672737
pii: biomedicines11010229
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010229
pmc: PMC9855361
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Italian Association for Cancer Research
ID : IG 23369
Organisme : Italian Association for cancer Research
ID : IG 27386
Organisme : Italian Association for Cancer Research
ID : Start-Up Reintegration Grant number 21651
Organisme : Ministero della Salute
ID : RF-2019-12368937
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