Liquid biopsy approaches and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer for precision medicine: Are we there yet?
circulating cancer associated fibroblasts (cCAFs)
colorectal cancer
exosomes
immune cells
liquid biopsy
mitochondrial DNA
neoantigen
Journal
Frontiers in oncology
ISSN: 2234-943X
Titre abrégé: Front Oncol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101568867
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
19
08
2022
accepted:
08
12
2022
entrez:
23
1
2023
pubmed:
24
1
2023
medline:
24
1
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with nearly half of patients detected in the advanced stages. This is due to the fact that symptoms associated with CRC often do not appear until the cancer has reached an advanced stage. This suggests that CRC is a cancer with a slow progression, making it curable and preventive if detected in its early stage. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to improve CRC early detection and personalize therapy for patients with this cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy as a non-invasive or nominally invasive approach has attracted considerable interest for its real-time disease monitoring capability through repeated sample analysis. Several studies in CRC have revealed the potential for liquid biopsy application in a real clinical setting using circulating RNA/miRNA, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, etc. However, Liquid biopsy still remains a challenge since there are currently no promising results with high specificity and specificity that might be employed as optimal circulatory biomarkers. Therefore, in this review, we conferred the plausible role of less explored liquid biopsy components like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), organoid model of CTCs, and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts (cCAFs); which may allow researchers to develop improved strategies to unravel unfulfilled clinical requirements in CRC patients. Moreover, we have also discussed immunotherapy approaches to improve the prognosis of MSI (Microsatellite Instability) CRC patients using neoantigens and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a liquid biopsy approach in detail.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36686736
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023565
pmc: PMC9853908
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1023565Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 Mirza, Bhadresha, Mughal, McCabe, Shahbazi, Ruff and Penny.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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