Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Male Androgen Abusers.
Anabolic steroids
Androgen abusers
Central serous chorioretinopathy
Cohort study
Testosterone
Journal
Ophthalmology and therapy
ISSN: 2193-8245
Titre abrégé: Ophthalmol Ther
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101634502
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2023
Apr 2023
Historique:
received:
13
12
2022
accepted:
13
01
2023
pubmed:
25
1
2023
medline:
25
1
2023
entrez:
24
1
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Male gender is an important risk factor of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and studies have explored the pathophysiological role of androgens in CSC with conflicting results. In this study, we shed light on this hot topic by exploring the risk of CSC in a large cohort of male androgen abusers. This study included male androgen abusers identified through a nationwide anti-doping test program across Danish fitness centers from January 3 2006 to March 1 2018. For each case, we randomly sampled ten male controls using Danish nationwide registries. These controls were matched in age and date. Cases and controls were followed until May 16 2018. Data on diagnoses were extracted using the Danish National Registry of Patients using ICD-10 codes to identify cases with CSC. We included 1189 cases and 11,890 controls. Mean age at the time of doping sentence was 27.4 ± 6.9 years, and mean length of follow-up was 15.8 ± 3.6 years. We identified no cases of CSC in androgen abusers, and five cases of CSC in the control cohort. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 1.0). Male androgen abusers were not at increased risk of CSC. Considering the lack of any signal in this large study, we speculate that if male androgen plays any direct role in the pathophysiology of CSC, its role may be subtle at best.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36692812
doi: 10.1007/s40123-023-00658-4
pii: 10.1007/s40123-023-00658-4
pmc: PMC10011293
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
1073-1080Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Kido A, Miyake M, Tamura H, et al. Incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (2011–2018): a nationwide population-based cohort study of Japan. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106(12):1748–53.
doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319403
pubmed: 34261662
van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Yzer S, et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy: towards an evidence-based treatment guideline. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;73: 100770.
doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.003
pubmed: 31319157
Cheung CMG, Lee WK, Koizumi H, Dansingani K, Lai TYY, Freund KB. Pachychoroid disease. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(1):14–33.
doi: 10.1038/s41433-018-0158-4
pubmed: 29995841
Subhi Y, Bjerager J, Boon CJF, van Dijk EHC. Subretinal fluid morphology in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and its relationship to treatment: a retrospective analysis on PLACE trial data. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(1):89–95.
doi: 10.1111/aos.14901
pubmed: 33998168
Breukink MB, Dingemans AJ, den Hollander AI, et al. Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: long-term follow-up and vision-related quality of life. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;20(11):39–46.
doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S115685
Wang MS, Sander B, Larsen M. Retinal atrophy in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(6):787–93.
doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01438-1
pubmed: 12036670
van Dijk EHC, van Rijssen TJ, Subhi Y, Boon CJF. Photodynamic therapy for chorioretinal diseases: a practical approach. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(2):329–42.
doi: 10.1007/s40123-020-00250-0
pubmed: 32279234
pmcid: 7196110
van Dijk EHC, Feenstra HMA, Bjerager J, Grauslund J, Boon CJF, Subhi Y. Comparative efficacy of treatments for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a systematic review with network meta-analyses. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.15263 . (Online ahead of print).
doi: 10.1111/aos.15263
pubmed: 36178171
pmcid: 9790583
Brinks J, van Dijk EHC, Meijer OC, Schlingemann RO, Boon CJF. Choroidal arteriovenous anastomoses: a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy and other pachychoroid disease spectrum abnormalities. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(8):946–59.
doi: 10.1111/aos.15112
pubmed: 35179828
pmcid: 9790326
Imanaga N, Terao N, Nakamine S, et al. Scleral thickness in central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021;5(3):285–91.
doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.07.011
pubmed: 32683110
Spaide RF, Fisher YL, Ngo WK, Barbazetto I. Regional scleral thickness as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina. 2022;42(7):1231–7.
doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003485
pubmed: 35344531
Holtz JK, Larsson JME, Hansen MS, van Dijk EHC, Subhi Y. Pachychoroid spectrum diseases in patients with Cushing’s syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Clin Med. 2022;11(15):4437.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11154437
pubmed: 35956052
pmcid: 9369356
Nkrumah G, Paez-Escamilla M, Singh SR, et al. Biomarkers for central serous chorioretinopathy. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2020;24(12):2515841420950846.
Schellevis RL, Altay L, Kalisingh A, et al. Elevated steroid hormone levels in active chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(10):3407–13.
doi: 10.1167/iovs.19-26781
Brinks J, van Dijk EHC, Tsonaka R, Meijer OC, Boon CJF. Sex Hormones in males and females with active central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1159/000526052 . (Online ahead of print).
doi: 10.1159/000526052
pubmed: 35843207
Zhao C, Huang Y, Chen L, Ye S, Liu XQ. The association between circulating sex hormones and central serous chorioretinopathy: a case–control study. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2022;25(18):855–65.
doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S370133
Çiloğlu E, Unal F, Dogan NC. The relationship between the central serous chorioretinopathy, choroidal thickness, and serum hormone levels. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;256(6):1111–6.
doi: 10.1007/s00417-018-3985-x
pubmed: 29671064
Natung T, Keditsu A. Comparison of serum cortisol and testosterone levels in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2015;29(6):382–8.
doi: 10.3341/kjo.2015.29.6.382
pubmed: 26635454
pmcid: 4668253
Tufan HA, Gencer B, Comez AT. Serum cortisol and testosterone levels in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(3):677–80.
doi: 10.1007/s00417-012-2075-8
pubmed: 22718204
Zakir SM, Shukla M, Simi ZU, Ahmad J, Sajid M. Serum cortisol and testosterone levels in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57(6):419–22.
doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.57143
pubmed: 19861741
pmcid: 2812758
Horwitz H, Andersen JT, Dalhoff KP. Health consequences of androgenic anabolic steroid use. J Intern Med. 2019;285(3):333–40.
doi: 10.1111/joim.12850
pubmed: 30460728
Christoffersen T, Andersen JT, Dalhoff KP, Horwitz H. Anabolic-androgenic steroids and the risk of imprisonment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;1(203):92–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.041
Windfeld-Mathiasen J, Christoffersen T, Strand NAW, Dalhoff K, Andersen JT, Horwitz H. Psychiatric morbidity among men using anabolic steroids. Depress Anxiety. 2022;39(12):805–12.
doi: 10.1002/da.23287
pubmed: 36281632
Windfeld-Mathiasen J, Dalhoff KP, Andersen JT, Klemp M, Horwitz A, Horwitz H. Male fertility before and after androgen abuse. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2):442–9.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa837
pubmed: 33196845
Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Adelborg K, et al. The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;12(11):563–91.
doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S179083
Pedersen CB. The Danish civil registration system. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):22–5.
doi: 10.1177/1403494810387965
pubmed: 21775345
Lynge E, Sandegaard JL, Rebolj M. The Danish national patient register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):30–3.
doi: 10.1177/1403494811401482
pubmed: 21775347
Brown LD, Cai TT, DasGupta A. Interval estimation for a binomial proportion. Stat Sci. 2001;16(2):101–33.
doi: 10.1214/ss/1009213286
Nudleman E, Witmer MT, Kiss S, Williams GA, Wolfe JD. Central serous chorioretinopathy in patients receiving exogenous testosterone therapy. Retina. 2014;34(10):2128–32.
doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000198
pubmed: 24946102
Brinks J, van Dijk EHC, Kiełbasa SM, et al. The cortisol response of male and female choroidal endothelial cells: implications for central serous chorioretinopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(2):512–24.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab670
pubmed: 34546342
Nasr DM, Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Lanzino G. Clinical outcomes following corticosteroid administration in patients with delayed diagnosis of spinal arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017;9(6):607–10.
doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012430
pubmed: 27260973
Waheed A, Masengu A, Skala T, Li G, Jastrzebski J, Zalunardo N. A prospective cohort study of predictors of upper extremity arteriovenous fistula maturation. J Vasc Access. 2020;21(5):746–52.
doi: 10.1177/1129729820907471
pubmed: 32340534
Miller CD, Robbin ML, Allon M. Gender differences in outcomes of arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2003;63(1):346–52.
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00740.x
pubmed: 12472802
Ryan JE, Smeltzer SC, Sharts-Hopko NC. Challenges to studying illicit drug users. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2019;51(4):480–8.
doi: 10.1111/jnu.12486
pubmed: 31106524
pmcid: 6671678
Sirks MJ, van Dijk EHC, Rosenberg N, et al. Clinical impact of the worldwide shortage of verteporfin (Visudyne®) on ophthalmic care. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(7):e1522–32.
doi: 10.1111/aos.15148
pubmed: 35388619
pmcid: 9790583
Stonerock GL, Hoffman BM, Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA. Exercise as treatment for anxiety: systematic review and analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2015;49(4):542–56.
doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9
pubmed: 25697132
Piccolino FC, Fruttini D, Eandi C, et al. Vigorous physical activity as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022;244:30–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.08.002
pubmed: 35948087
Mansour AM, Koaik M, Lima LH, et al. Physiologic and psychologic risk factors in central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2017;1(6):497–507.
doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.02.009
pubmed: 31047441
Chatziralli I, Kabanarou SA, Parikakis E, Chatzirallis A, Xirou T, Mitropoulos P. Risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy: multivariate approach in a case–control study. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(7):1069–73.
doi: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1276196
pubmed: 28306346