Occurrence of involuntary movements after prolonged misuse of zolpidem: a case report.
Journal
International clinical psychopharmacology
ISSN: 1473-5857
Titre abrégé: Int Clin Psychopharmacol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8609061
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 03 2023
01 03 2023
Historique:
entrez:
31
1
2023
pubmed:
1
2
2023
medline:
3
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agent used for short-term treatment of insomnia. Several cases of dependence and withdrawal from zolpidem are reported in the literature. Furthermore, involuntary movements after prolonged zolpidem misuse have been described. In this case report, a 69-year-old Italian woman with no history of diagnosed psychiatric or neurologic diseases developed uncontrolled movements and a depressive-anxious syndrome after twelve-year zolpidem misuse. The underlying mechanisms of involuntary movements occurring after long-term zolpidem intake are unknown; yet, we suggest that zolpidem might induce an increase in dopamine release through inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons tonically suppressing dopamine cells. Future studies on the occurrence of persistent disorders after long-term benzodiazepine or Z-drug abuse are needed and clinicians should pay attention to the risk of tardive syndromes related to zolpidem misuse, especially in the case of long-term intake of over-therapeutic dosages.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36719339
doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000443
pii: 00004850-202303000-00009
doi:
Substances chimiques
Zolpidem
7K383OQI23
Pyridines
0
Dopamine
VTD58H1Z2X
Hypnotics and Sedatives
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
Types de publication
Case Reports
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
117-120Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Références
Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (2013). Z-drugs: a review of the evidence of misuse and harm. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/237037/ACMD_advice_Z_drugs.pdf . [Accessed 20 March 2022]
Brodeur MR, Stirling AL (2001). Delirium associated with zolpidem. Ann Pharmacother 35:1562–1564.
Canaday BR (1996). Amnesia possibly associated with zolpidem administration. Pharmacotherapy 16:687–689.
Chattopadhyay AC, Shukla L, Kandasamy A, Benegal V (2016). High-dose zolpidem dependence - psychostimulant effects? A case report and literature review. Ind Psychiatry J 25:222–224.
Cheng S, Siddiqui TG, Gossop M, Kristoffersen ES, Lundqvist C (2019). Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological profiles of medication misuse and dependence in hospitalised older patients in Norway: a prospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 9:e031483.
Cosci F, Chouinard G (2020). Acute and persistent withdrawal syndromes following discontinuation of psychotropic medications. Psychother Psychosom 89:283–306.
de Haas S, Dingemanse J, Hoever P, Cohen A, van Gerven J (2007). Pseudohallucinations after zolpidem intake: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:728–730.
Flemming R (2022). Patterns of pregabalin prescribing in four German federal states: analysis of routine data to investigate potential misuse of pregabalin. BMJ Open 12:e060104.
Hajak G, Müller WE, Wittchen HU, Pittrow D, Kirch W (2003). Abuse and dependence potential for the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone: a review of case reports and epidemiological data. Addiction 98:1371–1378.
Ho T, Jimenez A, Sanchez I, Seeger C, Joseph M (2020). Sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem: cases compiled from a literature review. Sleep Med X 2:100019.
Huang CL, Chang CJ, Hung CF, Lin HY (2003). Zolpidem-induced distortion in visual perception. Ann Pharmacother 37:683–686.
Inagaki T, Miyaoka T, Tsuji S, Inami Y, Nishida A, Horiguchi J (2010). Adverse reactions to zolpidem: case reports and a review of the literature. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 12:PCC.09r00849.
Iruela L, Ibañez-Rojo V, Baca E (1993). Zolpidem-induced macropsia in anorexic woman. Lancet 342:443–444.
Jang Y, Song I, Oh IS, Shin JY (2019). Twelve-year trend in the use of zolpidem and physicians’ non-compliance with recommended duration: a Korean national health insurance database study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 75:109–117.
Liappas IA, Malitas PN, Dimopoulos NP, Gitsa OE, Liappas AI, Nikolaou CH, Christodoulou GN (2002). A zolpidem and cocaine abuse case report. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 6:217–219.
Liappas IA, Malitas PN, Dimopoulos NP, Gitsa OE, Liappas AI, Nikolaou CK, Christodoulou GN (2003). Three cases of zolpidem dependence treated with fluoxetine: the serotonin hypothesis. World J Biol Psychiatry 4:93–96.
Lin Y, Tang W, Liang H, Tang A, Ungvari G (2017). Psychiatric morbidity in dependent Z-drugs and benzodiazepine users. Int J Ment Heal Addict 15:555–564.
Lugoboni F, Mirijello A, Morbioli L, Faccini M, Casari R, De Cosmo S, et al. (2019). Zolpidem high-dose abuse: what about the liver? Results from a series of 107 patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf 18:753–758.
Markowitz JS, Brewerton TD (1996). Zolpidem-induced psychosis. Ann Clin Psychiatry 8:89–91.
Markowitz JS, Rames LJ, Reeves N, Thomas SG (1997). Zolpidem and hallucinations. Ann Emerg Med 29:300–301.
Mendelson WB (1994). Sleepwalking associated with zolpidem. J Clin Psychopharmacol 14:150.
Montgomery S, Chatamra K, Pauer L, Whalen E, Baldinetti F (2008). Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry 193:389–394.
Monti JM, Spence DW, Buttoo K, Pandi-Perumal SR (2017). Zolpidem’s use for insomnia. Asian J Psychiatr 25:79–90.
Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH (2002). Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Med 3:323–327.
Nutt D (1999). Alcohol and the brain. Pharmacological insights for psychiatrists. Br J Psychiatry 175:114–119.
Orsolini L, Chiappini S, Grandinetti P, Bruschi A, Testa R, Provenzano A, et al. (2021). ‘Z-trip’? A comprehensive overview and a case-series of Zolpidem misuse. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 19:367–387.
Oulis P, Nakkas G, Masdrakis VG (2011). Pregabalin in zolpidem dependence and withdrawal. Clin Neuropharmacol 34:90–91.
Rush CR (1998). Behavioral pharmacology of zolpidem relative to benzodiazepines: a review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 61:253–269.
Sabe M, Kashef H, Gironi C, Sentissi O (2019). Zolpidem stimulant effect: induced mania case report and systematic review of cases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 94:109643.
Sanger DJ, Depoortere H (1998). The pharmacology and mechanism of action of Zolpidem. CNS Drug Rev 4:323–340.
Schifano F, Chiappini S, Corkery JM, Guirguis A (2019). An insight into Z-drug abuse and dependence: an examination of reports to the European Medicines Agency Database of suspected adverse drug reactions. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 22:270–277.
Sharma V, Weir D, Samanani S, Simpson SH, Gilani F, Jess E, Eurich DT (2019). Characterisation of concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepine/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study. BMJ Open 9:e030858.
van Puijenbroek EP, Egberts AC, Krom HJ (1996). Visual hallucinations and amnesia associated with the use of zolpidem. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 34:318.
Victorri-Vigneau C, Dailly E, Veyrac G, Jolliet P (2007). Evidence of zolpidem abuse and dependence: results of the French Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence (CEIP) network survey. Br J Clin Pharmacol 64:198–209.
Waln O, Jankovic J (2013). Zolpidem improves tardive dyskinesia and akathisia. Mov Disord 28:1748–1749.
Watari T, Tokuda Y (2015). Drug-induced hemichorea. BMJ Case Rep 2015:bcr2014208872.
Wilson S, Anderson K, Baldwin D, Dijk DJ, Espie A, Espie C, et al. (2019). British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus statement on evidence-based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders: an update. J Psychopharmacol 33:923–947.
Yen CF, Ko CH, Chang YP, Yu CY, Huang MF, Yeh YC, et al. (2015). Dependence, misuse, and beliefs regarding use of hypnotics by elderly psychiatric patients taking zolpidem, estazolam, or flunitrazepam. Asia Pac Psychiatry 7:298–305.