3D printing Galinstan actuation alloying polypyrrole

Journal

ACS applied materials & interfaces
ISSN: 1944-8252
Titre abrégé: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101504991

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 Feb 2023
Historique:
pmc-release: 08 02 2024
entrez: 8 2 2023
pubmed: 9 2 2023
medline: 9 2 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Gallium liquid metal alloys (GLMAs) such as Galinstan and gallium-indium eutectic (EGaIn) are interesting materials due to their high surface tensions, low viscosities, and electrical conductivities comparable to classical solid metals. They have been used for applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and, more recently, liquid metal microfluidics (LMMF) for setting up devices like actuators. However, their high tendency to alloy with the most common metals used for electrodes such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), and tungsten-titanium (WTi) is a major problem limiting the scaleup and applicability, e.g., liquid metal actuators. Stable electrodes are key elements for many applications and thus, the lack of an electrode material compatible with GLMAs is detrimental for many potential application scenarios. In this work, we study the effect of actuating Galinstan on various solid metal electrodes and present an electrode protection methodology that, first, prevents alloying and, second, prevents electrode corrosion. We demonstrate reproducible actuation of GLMA segments in LMMF, showcasing the stability of the proposed protective coating. We investigated a range of electrode materials including Au, Pt, Ti, Ni, and WTi, all in aqueous environments, and present the resulting corrosion/alloying effects by studying the interface morphology. Our proposed protective coating is based on a simple method to electrodeposit electrically conductive polypyrrole (PPy) on the electrodes to provide a conductive alloying-barrier layer for applications involving direct contact between GLMAs and electrodes. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by direct three-dimensional (3D) printing of a 500 μm microfluidic chip on a set of electrodes onto which PPy is electrodeposited

Identifiants

pubmed: 36754363
doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c17906
pmc: PMC9952059
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

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Auteurs

Sagar Bhagwat (S)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Andreas Goralczyk (A)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Manuel Luitz (M)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Lathif Sharieff (L)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Sebastian Kluck (S)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Ahmed Hamza (A)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Niloofar Nekoonam (N)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Frederik Kotz-Helmer (F)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Pegah Pezeshkpour (P)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Bastian E Rapp (BE)

Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Classifications MeSH