Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande.


Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
20 Jan 2023
Historique:
received: 30 09 2022
accepted: 30 11 2022
entrez: 10 2 2023
pubmed: 11 2 2023
medline: 11 2 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the 0.37  megaton×years data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction cross section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10^{-33}cm^{2} and 10^{-27}cm^{2} for dark matter mass from 1  MeV/c^{2} to 300  MeV/c^{2}.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36763398
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.031802
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

031802

Subventions

Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/S032843/1
Pays : United Kingdom

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

Auteurs

K Abe (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Hayato (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

K Hiraide (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

K Ieki (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

M Ikeda (M)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

J Kameda (J)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Kanemura (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

R Kaneshima (R)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

Y Kashiwagi (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

Y Kataoka (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

S Miki (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

S Mine (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

M Miura (M)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

S Moriyama (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Nakano (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

M Nakahata (M)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

S Nakayama (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Noguchi (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

K Okamoto (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

K Sato (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

H Sekiya (H)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

H Shiba (H)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

K Shimizu (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

M Shiozawa (M)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Sonoda (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

Y Suzuki (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

A Takeda (A)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Takemoto (Y)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

A Takenaka (A)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

H Tanaka (H)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

S Watanabe (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

T Yano (T)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

S Han (S)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

T Kajita (T)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

K Okumura (K)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

T Tashiro (T)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

T Tomiya (T)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

X Wang (X)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

J Xia (J)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

S Yoshida (S)

Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

G D Megias (GD)

Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

P Fernandez (P)

Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

L Labarga (L)

Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

N Ospina (N)

Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

B Zaldivar (B)

Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

B W Pointon (BW)

Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 3H2, Canada.
TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

E Kearns (E)

Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

J L Raaf (JL)

Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

L Wan (L)

Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

T Wester (T)

Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

J Bian (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

N J Griskevich (NJ)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

W R Kropp (WR)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

S Locke (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

M B Smy (MB)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

H W Sobel (HW)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

V Takhistov (V)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

A Yankelevich (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.

J Hill (J)

Department of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA.

R G Park (RG)

Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

B Bodur (B)

Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

K Scholberg (K)

Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

C W Walter (CW)

Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

L Bernard (L)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

A Coffani (A)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

O Drapier (O)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

S El Hedri (S)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

A Giampaolo (A)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

Th A Mueller (TA)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

A D Santos (AD)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

P Paganini (P)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

B Quilain (B)

Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France.

T Ishizuka (T)

Junior College, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan.

T Nakamura (T)

Department of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

J S Jang (JS)

GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea.

J G Learned (JG)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.

K Choi (K)

Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea.

S Cao (S)

Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education, ICISE, Quy Nhon 55121, Vietnam.

L H V Anthony (LHV)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

D Martin (D)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

M Scott (M)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

A A Sztuc (AA)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

Y Uchida (Y)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

V Berardi (V)

Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy.

M G Catanesi (MG)

Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy.

E Radicioni (E)

Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy.

N F Calabria (NF)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.

L N Machado (LN)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.

G De Rosa (G)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.

G Collazuol (G)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

F Iacob (F)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

M Lamoureux (M)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

M Mattiazzi (M)

Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

L Ludovici (L)

INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00185, Roma, Italy.

M Gonin (M)

ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

G Pronost (G)

ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.

C Fujisawa (C)

Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.

Y Maekawa (Y)

Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.

Y Nishimura (Y)

Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.

M Friend (M)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Hasegawa (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Ishida (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Kobayashi (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

M Jakkapu (M)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Matsubara (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Nakadaira (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

K Nakamura (K)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Oyama (Y)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

K Sakashita (K)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Sekiguchi (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Tsukamoto (T)

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.

T Boschi (T)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

F Di Lodovico (F)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

J Gao (J)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

A Goldsack (A)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

T Katori (T)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

J Migenda (J)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

M Taani (M)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.

S Zsoldos (S)

Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

Y Kotsar (Y)

Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.

H Ozaki (H)

Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.

A T Suzuki (AT)

Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.

Y Takeuchi (Y)

Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

C Bronner (C)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

J Feng (J)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

T Kikawa (T)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

M Mori (M)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

T Nakaya (T)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

R A Wendell (RA)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

K Yasutome (K)

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

S J Jenkins (SJ)

Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.

N McCauley (N)

Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.

P Mehta (P)

Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.

K M Tsui (KM)

Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.

Y Fukuda (Y)

Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.

Y Itow (Y)

Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.

H Menjo (H)

Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.

K Ninomiya (K)

Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.

J Lagoda (J)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

S M Lakshmi (SM)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

M Mandal (M)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

P Mijakowski (P)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

Y S Prabhu (YS)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

J Zalipska (J)

National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.

M Jia (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

J Jiang (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

C K Jung (CK)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M J Wilking (MJ)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

C Yanagisawa (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M Harada (M)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

H Ishino (H)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

S Ito (S)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

H Kitagawa (H)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Y Koshio (Y)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

F Nakanishi (F)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

S Sakai (S)

Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

G Barr (G)

Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

D Barrow (D)

Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

L Cook (L)

Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

S Samani (S)

Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

D Wark (D)

Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.

F Nova (F)

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.

J Y Yang (JY)

Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

M Malek (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom.

J M McElwee (JM)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom.

O Stone (O)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom.

M D Thiesse (MD)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom.

L F Thompson (LF)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom.

H Okazawa (H)

Department of Informatics in Social Welfare, Shizuoka University of Welfare, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8611, Japan.

S B Kim (SB)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.

J W Seo (JW)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.

I Yu (I)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.

A K Ichikawa (AK)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.

K D Nakamura (KD)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.

S Tairafune (S)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.

K Nishijima (K)

Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.

K Iwamoto (K)

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

K Nakagiri (K)

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Y Nakajima (Y)

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

N Taniuchi (N)

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

M Yokoyama (M)

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

K Martens (K)

Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

P de Perio (P)

Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

M R Vagins (MR)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.

M Kuze (M)

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

S Izumiyama (S)

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

M Inomoto (M)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

M Ishitsuka (M)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

H Ito (H)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

T Kinoshita (T)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

R Matsumoto (R)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

Y Ommura (Y)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

N Shigeta (N)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

M Shinoki (M)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

T Suganuma (T)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

K Yamauchi (K)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

J F Martin (JF)

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

H A Tanaka (HA)

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

T Towstego (T)

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

R Akutsu (R)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

V Gousy-Leblanc (V)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

M Hartz (M)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

A Konaka (A)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

N W Prouse (NW)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.

S Chen (S)

Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

B D Xu (BD)

Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

B Zhang (B)

Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

M Posiadala-Zezula (M)

Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.

D Hadley (D)

Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.

M Nicholson (M)

Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.

M O'Flaherty (M)

Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.

B Richards (B)

Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.

A Ali (A)

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada.
Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 3L8, Canada.

B Jamieson (B)

Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 3L8, Canada.

Ll Marti (L)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

A Minamino (A)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

G Pintaudi (G)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

S Sano (S)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

S Suzuki (S)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

K Wada (K)

Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

Classifications MeSH