The morphological consequences of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum.
geometric morphometrics
homeotic border shifts
lumbarization
lumbosacral transitional vertebrae
sacralization
Journal
American journal of biological anthropology
ISSN: 2692-7691
Titre abrégé: Am J Biol Anthropol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101770171
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2022
04 2022
Historique:
revised:
25
11
2021
received:
05
08
2021
accepted:
07
12
2021
entrez:
14
2
2023
pubmed:
15
2
2023
medline:
17
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Despite the high frequency of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum, their evolutionary and clinical implications remain controversial. Specifically, inconsistencies involving the classification and counting methods obscure accurate assessment of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Therefore, we aim to establish more reliable morphological and morphometric methods for differentiating between sacralizations and lumbarizations in clinical and paleontological contexts. Using clinical CT data from 145 individuals aged 14-47 years, vertebral counts and the spatial relationship between the sacrum and adjoining bony structures were assessed, while the morphological variation of the sacrum was assessed using geometric morphometrics based on varied landmark configurations. The prevalence of lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal segmentation anomalies was 40%. Lumbarizations and sacralizations were reliably distinguishable based on the spatial relationship between the iliac crest and the upward or downward trajectory of the linea terminalis on the sacrum. Different craniocaudal orientations of the alae relative to the corpus of the first sacral vertebra were also reflected in the geometric morphometric analyses. The fusion of the coccyx (32%) was frequently coupled with lumbarizations, suggesting that the six-element sacra more often incorporate the coccyx rather than the fifth lumbar vertebra. Our approach allowed the consistent identification of segmentation anomalies even in isolated sacra. Additionally, our outcomes either suggest that homeotic border shifts often affect multiple spinal regions in a unidirectional way, or that sacrum length is highly conserved perhaps due to functional constraints. Our results elucidate the potential clinical, biomechanical, and evolutionary significance of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36787761
doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24466
pmc: PMC9303760
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
690-707Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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