Laminar chaos in systems with quasiperiodic delay.

A type of chaos called laminar chaos was found in singularly perturbed dynamical systems with periodic time-varying delay [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 084102 (2018)]0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.120.084102. It is characterized by nearly constant laminar phases, which are periodically interrupted by irregular bursts, where the intensity levels of the laminar phases vary chaotically from phase to phase. In this paper, we demonstrate that laminar chaos can also be observed in systems with quasiperiodic delay, where we generalize the concept of conservative and dissipative delays to such systems. It turns out that the durations of the laminar phases vary quasiperiodically and follow the dynamics of a torus map in contrast to the periodic variation observed for periodic delay. Theoretical and numerical results indicate that introducing a quasiperiodic delay modulation into a time-delay system can lead to a giant reduction of the dimension of the chaotic attractors. By varying the mean delay and keeping other parameters fixed, we found that the Kaplan-Yorke dimension is modulated quasiperiodically over several orders of magnitudes, where the dynamics switches quasiperiodically between different types of high- and low-dimensional types of chaos.