Profiling health professionals' personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review.
Behaviour styles
Emotional intelligence
Health professionals
Personality traits
Journal
BMC medical education
ISSN: 1472-6920
Titre abrégé: BMC Med Educ
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101088679
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
18 Feb 2023
18 Feb 2023
Historique:
received:
03
10
2021
accepted:
04
01
2023
entrez:
21
2
2023
pubmed:
22
2
2023
medline:
25
2
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions. Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible. Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores. Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions.
METHODS
METHODS
Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36803372
doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y
pii: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y
pmc: PMC9938999
doi:
Types de publication
Systematic Review
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
120Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 1995 Aug;7(8):378-82
pubmed: 7662430
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 May 31;10(1):174
pubmed: 34250108
J Nurs Manag. 2016 Mar;24(2):244-52
pubmed: 25939961
J Patient Saf. 2021 Dec 1;17(8):e1652-e1659
pubmed: 32604193
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2014 Jun;42(3):279-88
pubmed: 24949514
J Clin Nurs. 2014 Apr;23(7-8):955-66
pubmed: 23750810
J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Apr;108(2):195-207
pubmed: 32256231
BMC Nurs. 2022 Apr 15;21(1):88
pubmed: 35428288
J Clin Anesth. 2013 May;25(3):181-7
pubmed: 23523976
J Perianesth Nurs. 2010 Aug;25(4):233-41
pubmed: 20656260
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar;162(3):461-468
pubmed: 31980949
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1133:97-104
pubmed: 30632115
J Nurs Manag. 2020 Mar;28(2):351-358
pubmed: 31841256
Acad Med. 1999 Dec;74(12):1327-33
pubmed: 10619012
Med Educ. 1988 Jan;22(1):15-8
pubmed: 3357441
Br J Surg. 2005 Oct;92(10):1293-7
pubmed: 16078288
Chronic Illn. 2012 Sep;8(3):163-75
pubmed: 22641843
West J Nurs Res. 2003 Aug;25(5):519-32
pubmed: 12955969
Crit Care Res Pract. 2013;2013:786176
pubmed: 24303211
Qual Assur Health Care. 1991;3(1):11-9
pubmed: 1873527
J Nurs Adm. 2017 Mar;47(3):134-139
pubmed: 28198761
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 Jan-Feb;21(1):9-13
pubmed: 26985217
Nurs Manage. 2017 Sep;48(9):26-32
pubmed: 28857835
AANA J. 2020 Jan;88(1):39-48
pubmed: 32008617
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2017 Dec 11;25:e2969
pubmed: 29236842
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 Nov;98(11):637-41
pubmed: 9846047
Am J Surg. 2015 Jan;209(1):26-33
pubmed: 25454957
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2012 Oct;19(8):709-14
pubmed: 22070762
Fam Med. 2002 Nov-Dec;34(10):750-4
pubmed: 12448645
J Grad Med Educ. 2019 Aug;11(4 Suppl):134-140
pubmed: 31428270
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1733-41
pubmed: 22743863
J Pers Med. 2022 Mar 10;12(3):
pubmed: 35330438
Res Nurs Health. 1989 Jun;12(3):179-86
pubmed: 2727324
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2022;77(3):177-184
pubmed: 34264179
Patient Educ Couns. 2018 Apr;101(4):659-664
pubmed: 29102062
JAMA. 2009 Sep 23;302(12):1284-93
pubmed: 19773563
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 31;19(3):
pubmed: 35162668
Pediatr Dent. 2011 Jan-Feb;33(1):37-45
pubmed: 21406146
J Am Coll Surg. 2018 May;226(5):777-783
pubmed: 29510202
AANA J. 2020 Oct;88(5):398-404
pubmed: 32990210
Soc Work Public Health. 2019;34(4):318-329
pubmed: 31035855
Aust J Rural Health. 2016 Oct;24(5):333-339
pubmed: 26799140
J Nurs Manag. 2016 Nov;24(8):1098-1108
pubmed: 27477168
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26(6):595-609
pubmed: 23614527
Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2019 Mar 26;26(2):31-35
pubmed: 31468761
J Nurs Adm. 2016 Feb;46(2):101-8
pubmed: 26796823
J Surg Educ. 2019 May - Jun;76(3):664-673
pubmed: 30466886
Behav Sci (Basel). 2019 Dec 19;10(1):
pubmed: 31861573
Nurs Econ. 2006 Jul-Aug;24(4):187-92, 175
pubmed: 16967889
Stat Methods Med Res. 2018 Jun;27(6):1785-1805
pubmed: 27683581
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Jan 30;9:4
pubmed: 32154299
West J Emerg Med. 2015 Nov;16(6):899-906
pubmed: 26594287
J Nurs Manag. 2019 Apr;27(3):560-566
pubmed: 30184275
Nurs Forum. 2017 Jan;52(1):12-20
pubmed: 27194022
Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022 Apr;58(2):673-681
pubmed: 33969498
Image J Nurs Sch. 1987 Summer;19(2):63-6
pubmed: 3647928
Am J Occup Ther. 1980 Mar;34(3):208-12
pubmed: 7369082
Int J Nurs Stud. 2008 Jun;45(6):888-901
pubmed: 17509597
J Clin Nurs. 2021 Feb;30(3-4):385-396
pubmed: 33145859
Br J Nurs. 2021 Oct 28;30(19):1110-1116
pubmed: 34723661
J Surg Educ. 2019 May - Jun;76(3):628-636
pubmed: 30658946
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Aug;41:11-17
pubmed: 28408074
Ment Retard. 2004 Apr;42(2):106-21
pubmed: 15008632
Hosp Top. 1989 Jul-Aug;67(4):32-7
pubmed: 10295486
J Emerg Nurs. 2019 May;45(3):265-272
pubmed: 30274665
Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016 Mar;33(3):179-86
pubmed: 26575009
Nurs Manage. 2021 Oct 1;52(10):10-14
pubmed: 34596612
Enferm Intensiva. 2017 Jul - Sep;28(3):105-113
pubmed: 28110905
Am J Pharm Educ. 2006 Jun 15;70(3):69
pubmed: 17136189
Appl Nurs Res. 2018 Jun;41:59-61
pubmed: 29853216
Aust J Rural Health. 2013 Oct;21(5):240-8
pubmed: 24118145
Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2016 Mar;10(1):18-24
pubmed: 27021830
Nurs Health Sci. 2018 Sep;20(3):370-379
pubmed: 29488674
Appl Nurs Res. 2022 Apr;64:151557
pubmed: 35307133
J Nurs Manag. 2010 Jul;18(5):573-81
pubmed: 20636506
J Clin Nurs. 2022 Jun;31(11-12):1570-1579
pubmed: 34453391
Med Educ. 1993 Jul;27(4):337-43
pubmed: 8412874
Int Dent J. 2020 Jun;70(3):193-200
pubmed: 32017067
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012 Dec;14(12):758-63
pubmed: 23482866
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2021 Sep;53(5):615-622
pubmed: 34159703
BMC Med Educ. 2018 Mar 27;18(1):52
pubmed: 29587722
J Clin Nurs. 2016 Apr;25(7-8):1006-15
pubmed: 26914619
Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022 Jul;58(3):910-918
pubmed: 34075602
BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Dec 16;15:558
pubmed: 26669963
PeerJ. 2013 Nov 19;1:e216
pubmed: 24282675
Anim Behav. 2009 Jul 1;78(1):103-110
pubmed: 20160973
BMC Public Health. 2010 Apr 27;10:213
pubmed: 20423480
Swed Dent J. 2008;32(4):197-203
pubmed: 19172921
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 13;18(8):
pubmed: 33924629
Arch Dis Child. 2017 Feb;102(2):159-164
pubmed: 27737839
Int J Med Educ. 2017 Dec 27;8:439-445
pubmed: 29286282
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 24;18(11):
pubmed: 34073657
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Oct 02;14:1567-1579
pubmed: 34629913
J Caring Sci. 2016 Jun 01;5(2):121-32
pubmed: 27354976
Fukushima J Med Sci. 2020 Jan 9;65(3):99-108
pubmed: 31656254
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2020 Feb;34(1):64-69
pubmed: 32035591
ANNA J. 1994 Oct;21(6):325-35; discussion 336
pubmed: 7993138
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014 Dec 19;14:135
pubmed: 25524443
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2018 Apr;15(2):167-180
pubmed: 28707387
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Sep 23;19(1):363
pubmed: 31547826
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2021 May 31;8(4):352-359
pubmed: 34159227
J Allied Health. 2001 Summer;30(2):75-82
pubmed: 11398233
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 20;18(24):
pubmed: 34949024
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jul 16;18(1):881
pubmed: 30012126
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 04;16(18):
pubmed: 31487862
Nurs Manage. 2021 Feb 1;52(2):18-25
pubmed: 33512880
J Nurs Manag. 2016 Oct;24(7):869-883
pubmed: 27137702
Swiss Med Wkly. 2003 Oct 11;133(39-40):535-40
pubmed: 14655054
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2020 Oct;17(4):e12360
pubmed: 32803915
J Clin Nurs. 2011 Feb;20(3-4):555-62
pubmed: 20569281
J Am Coll Surg. 2016 Aug;223(2):352-8
pubmed: 27182037
Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2011 Dec;16(5):591-600
pubmed: 21287265
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Dec;56(5):480-90
pubmed: 17078824
J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Sep 30;8(9):2898-2902
pubmed: 31681663
Physiotherapy. 2020 Jun;107:111-117
pubmed: 32026811
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 24;16(3):
pubmed: 30678332
Aust Health Rev. 2010 Aug;34(3):375-80
pubmed: 20797372
Med Educ. 2011 Aug;45(8):835-42
pubmed: 21752080
Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Dec;107:105130
pubmed: 34543939
Nurs Adm Q. 2015 Apr-Jun;39(2):172-80
pubmed: 25714956
Health Care Women Int. 1990;11(4):477-89
pubmed: 2228818
Oman Med J. 2017 Jul;32(4):291-296
pubmed: 28804581
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Apr;62(2):174-6
pubmed: 18412839
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019 Jul 29;53:e03465
pubmed: 31365723
Int J Clin Pharm. 2012 Dec;34(6):876-84
pubmed: 22878725
J Nurs Manag. 2021 Oct;29(7):2056-2064
pubmed: 34021659
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 01;18(3):
pubmed: 33535707
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Jun 04;10(6):
pubmed: 35742097
Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Sep 28;8(5):166-74
pubmed: 26652076
J Clin Nurs. 2013 Nov;22(21-22):3192-202
pubmed: 24118522
J Holist Nurs. 2023 Mar;41(1):101-109
pubmed: 35369769
Aust Health Rev. 2014 Feb;38(1):86-92
pubmed: 24308919
BMC Med Educ. 2013 Mar 27;13:44
pubmed: 23537129
J Adv Nurs. 2018 May;74(5):1180-1188
pubmed: 29266380
Malays J Med Sci. 2018 Nov;25(6):100-109
pubmed: 30914883
J Fam Pract. 1981 Sep;13(3):443, 448-9
pubmed: 7276855
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2015 Apr-Jun;2(2):82-88
pubmed: 27981098
Radiol Technol. 2001 Mar-Apr;72(4):321-8
pubmed: 11269820
Aust J Adv Nurs. 1993 Mar-May;10(3):10-9
pubmed: 8240760
J Adv Nurs. 2018 Jun;74(6):1349-1358
pubmed: 29444342
J Clin Nurs. 2015 Aug;24(15-16):2115-24
pubmed: 25894887
Health Care Manage Rev. 2008 Oct-Dec;33(4):280-8
pubmed: 18815493
Work. 2022;71(1):263-274
pubmed: 34719459
Fam Med. 1985 Jan-Feb;17(1):8-10
pubmed: 3843088
Med Teach. 2010 Jan;32(1):e42-8
pubmed: 20095766
BMC Psychol. 2022 Sep 10;10(1):215
pubmed: 36088398
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3333
pubmed: 32813778
J Am Dent Assoc. 1996 Feb;127(2):253-8
pubmed: 8682996
Scand J Psychol. 2016 Jun;57(3):207-14
pubmed: 27062306
Br J Nurs. 2009 Feb 12-25;18(3):162-5
pubmed: 19223800
Appl Nurs Res. 2015 Nov;28(4):293-8
pubmed: 26608428
Australas Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;17(1):19-24
pubmed: 18608158
Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014 Nov;17(4):139-45
pubmed: 25112946
Ir Med J. 2015 Mar;108(3):75-8
pubmed: 25876298
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Jan;78(1):173-86
pubmed: 10653513
Int J Nurs Pract. 2015 Dec;21(6):876-81
pubmed: 24712344
Med Teach. 2019 May;41(5):584-590
pubmed: 30394166
Surgery. 1994 Jan;115(1):62-8
pubmed: 8284763
J Clin Nurs. 2021 Jan;30(1-2):207-216
pubmed: 33090612
J Surg Educ. 2011 Nov-Dec;68(6):534-41
pubmed: 22000541
Psychol Rep. 1998 Apr;82(2):547-59
pubmed: 9621729
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Jun;99(6):667-8
pubmed: 10361525
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2016 May;40(239):301-7
pubmed: 27234861
J Relig Health. 2020 Jun;59(3):1220-1232
pubmed: 30635764
PLoS One. 2020 May 18;15(5):e0233435
pubmed: 32421752
Curationis. 2016 Nov 29;39(1):e1-e7
pubmed: 28155300
BMJ. 1999 Sep 18;319(7212):738-43
pubmed: 10487999
J Reprod Med. 2011 Sep-Oct;56(9-10):398-404
pubmed: 22010523
Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Apr;57(2):734-746
pubmed: 32885427
Med Teach. 2016 Nov;38(11):1105-1111
pubmed: 27089424
Nurs Res. 1987 Nov-Dec;36(6):374-8
pubmed: 3671126
World Neurosurg. 2021 Jun;150:e681-e685
pubmed: 33771745
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 09;19(16):
pubmed: 36011413
J Rural Health. 2009 Winter;25(1):43-9
pubmed: 19166560
Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 01;4:1
pubmed: 25554246
Natl Med J India. 2013 Jul-Aug;26(4):210-3
pubmed: 24758443
Postgrad Med J. 2016 Aug;92(1090):441-6
pubmed: 26864310
Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2019 Feb;28(1):306-317
pubmed: 30156026
J Burn Care Rehabil. 1993 May-Jun;14(3):376-81
pubmed: 8360247
CMAJ. 2015 Dec 8;187(18):1359-1363
pubmed: 26644545
J Healthc Manag. 2017 Sep/Oct;62(5):302-313
pubmed: 28885530
J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2020 Jun;51(2):256-263
pubmed: 32081679
West J Nurs Res. 2002 Dec;24(8):905-17
pubmed: 12469726
J Adv Nurs. 2012 Jul;68(7):1546-55
pubmed: 22348655
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Nov 15;14:1867-1876
pubmed: 34815724
J Med Life. 2018 Oct-Dec;11(4):365-370
pubmed: 30894896
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Oct 17;19(1):379
pubmed: 31623660
Creat Nurs. 2022 Feb 1;28(1):29-35
pubmed: 35173059
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2018 Nov;47(6):771-782
pubmed: 30253129
Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl). 2019 Sep 26;32(4):600-619
pubmed: 31612785
J Burn Care Rehabil. 1999 Nov-Dec;20(6):515-22; discussion 514
pubmed: 10613692
Nurs Open. 2016 Nov 06;4(2):84-89
pubmed: 28286664
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Dec;26(23-24):4622-4633
pubmed: 28295750
J Clin Nurs. 2018 Jul;27(13-14):2661-2672
pubmed: 29495095
J Surg Res. 2020 Mar;247:121-127
pubmed: 31785888
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2022 Feb;36:24-27
pubmed: 35094821
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2015 Apr-Jun;2(2):72-81
pubmed: 27981097
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:6960184
pubmed: 27478835
Scand J Caring Sci. 1996;10(1):19-26
pubmed: 8715782
Nurs Open. 2016 Jun 29;4(1):24-31
pubmed: 28078096
Psychol Bull. 2000 Jan;126(1):3-25
pubmed: 10668348
BMJ Open. 2018 Jul 7;8(7):e021310
pubmed: 29982214
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 14;15:33
pubmed: 27895699
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015 Oct;28(5):502-9
pubmed: 25139128
J Med Internet Res. 2019 Feb 05;21(2):e11128
pubmed: 30720436
J Nurs Manag. 2016 Jan;24(1):30-8
pubmed: 25378052
J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Mar-Apr;7(2):420-424
pubmed: 30090787
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980 Nov;39(5):962-7
pubmed: 7441485
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 03;15(9):
pubmed: 30177621
J Dent. 2022 Sep;124:104217
pubmed: 35809646
Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:5-10
pubmed: 22259255
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2018 Feb;35(2):343-347
pubmed: 28347144
Nurs Adm Q. 1995 Summer;19(4):23-35
pubmed: 7630522
Anaesthesia. 1980 Jun;35(6):559-68
pubmed: 7435914
J Nurs Staff Dev. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(4):212-7
pubmed: 9287629
Croat Med J. 2011 Aug 15;52(4):538-49
pubmed: 21853549
J Surg Res. 2017 Mar;209:178-183
pubmed: 28032557
Work. 2015 Jun 5;51(2):315-9
pubmed: 24962296
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2016 Jan;13(1):156-65
pubmed: 26542752
Niger J Clin Pract. 2019 Oct;22(10):1403-1407
pubmed: 31607730
Hum Resour Health. 2015 Aug 19;13:69
pubmed: 26286555
Aust Crit Care. 2018 Jul;31(4):234-241
pubmed: 28539188
Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 30;8(1):107
pubmed: 31039825
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018 Mar;53(2):228-236
pubmed: 28836718
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2022 Feb;68:103128
pubmed: 34391627
J Nurse Midwifery. 1980 May-Jun;25(3):11-5
pubmed: 6900055
Int J Occup Environ Med. 2013 Jul;4(3):141-8
pubmed: 23860544
Int J Nurs Pract. 2011 Aug;17(4):380-7
pubmed: 21781217
J Nurs Manag. 2017 Jul;25(5):366-374
pubmed: 28547748
Cancer Nurs. 1993 Dec;16(6):479-85
pubmed: 8111753
J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Oct;19(5):902-8
pubmed: 22672429
Contemp Nurse. 2013 Feb;43(2):219-24
pubmed: 23485225
Hosp Top. 1994 Spring;72(2):34-9
pubmed: 10134875
Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl). 2017 Jul 3;30(3):217-232
pubmed: 28693391
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2013 Jan;40(1):22-9
pubmed: 23269767
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 Jul 1;18(7):554-558
pubmed: 28713107
Occup Ther Int. 2016 Dec;23(4):412-424
pubmed: 27686237
Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018 Oct;33(4):e985-e998
pubmed: 30052277
J R Soc Med. 2007 Aug;100(8):368-74
pubmed: 17682030
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Aug;140(8):720-6
pubmed: 25011036
J Health Organ Manag. 2012;26(4-5):560-77
pubmed: 23115905
Child Health Nurs Res. 2019 Jan;25(1):38-47
pubmed: 35004396
Med Teach. 2013;35(3):243-7
pubmed: 23360483
J Contin Educ Nurs. 2012 Aug;43(8):354-62
pubmed: 22715873
Res Gerontol Nurs. 2010 Oct;3(4):253-61
pubmed: 20438048
Psychooncology. 2019 Feb;28(2):278-283
pubmed: 30396231
Front Psychol. 2021 May 25;12:533293
pubmed: 34113274
Med Educ Online. 2014 Aug 25;19:25209
pubmed: 25160716
J Surg Res. 2015 Jun 1;196(1):60-6
pubmed: 25818980
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;69(1):182-189
pubmed: 35118886
Med Educ. 2011 Sep;45(9):905-12
pubmed: 21848718
Am Econ Rev. 2017 May;107(5):506-10
pubmed: 29553630
J Adv Nurs. 2014 Jan;70(1):176-86
pubmed: 23763612
J Pediatr Nurs. 2022 Jan-Feb;62:e98-e102
pubmed: 34332822
Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2016 Sep;10(3):228-233
pubmed: 27692253
Int J Nurs Stud. 2018 Apr;80:147-154
pubmed: 29426015
Swiss Med Wkly. 2008 May 31;138(21-22):305-12
pubmed: 18516751
Int J Surg. 2021 Apr;88:105906
pubmed: 33789826
J Adv Nurs. 2016 Aug;72(8):1800-12
pubmed: 26988165
J Nurs Meas. 2020 Dec 1;28(3):E233-E252
pubmed: 33067369
Int Nurs Rev. 2010 Dec;57(4):478-84
pubmed: 21050200
J Adv Nurs. 1991 Apr;16(4):455-68
pubmed: 2061509
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2017 Mar/Apr;23(2):133-142
pubmed: 28076688
Hosp Top. 2019 Jan;97(1):32-38
pubmed: 30714873
J Nurs Res. 2014 Sep;22(3):176-82
pubmed: 25111111
Aust J Adv Nurs. 1984 Sep-Nov;2(1):52-9
pubmed: 6083797
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 06;18(17):
pubmed: 34501972
Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1999 Jan-Feb;20(1):33-54
pubmed: 10196923
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 27;19(15):
pubmed: 35954541
J Clin Nurs. 2012 Aug;21(15-16):2275-85
pubmed: 22788561
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Aug 29;22(1):650
pubmed: 36038850
Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2009;22(1):70-85
pubmed: 19289914
Curationis. 2017 May 23;40(1):e1-e8
pubmed: 28582982
J Nurs Manag. 2021 Apr;29(3):535-542
pubmed: 33103273
J Clin Psychol. 1984 Mar;40(2):414-20
pubmed: 6725563
Image J Nurs Sch. 1990 Fall;22(3):159-62
pubmed: 2227982
Mymensingh Med J. 2022 Jul;31(3):806-811
pubmed: 35780367
Postgrad Med. 2018 Sep;130(7):644-649
pubmed: 30173626
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9318534
pubmed: 29359161
J Nurs Manag. 2021 Mar;29(2):342-350
pubmed: 32955749
J Nurs Manag. 2008 Nov;16(8):921-32
pubmed: 19094104
Am J Occup Ther. 2012 Jan-Feb;66(1):88-96
pubmed: 22389943
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018 Sep 20;9:681-686
pubmed: 30310341
Ind Health. 2008 Aug;46(4):326-35
pubmed: 18716380
Can Pharm J (Ott). 2015 Jul;148(4):209-16
pubmed: 26448772
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2015 Jan;25(1):79-88
pubmed: 25733788
Nurs Adm Q. 2008 Jan-Mar;32(1):8-14
pubmed: 18160858
Med Educ. 2004 Feb;38(2):177-86
pubmed: 14871388
Yonago Acta Med. 2020 Nov 24;63(4):343-352
pubmed: 33253345
J Prof Nurs. 2020 Nov - Dec;36(6):503-509
pubmed: 33308547
Int J Nurs Pract. 2016 Dec;22(6):625-632
pubmed: 27653752
Int J Med Educ. 2022 Jul 29;13:198-204
pubmed: 35916647
Rural Remote Health. 2015 Oct-Dec;15(4):3426
pubmed: 26572965
Nurse Educ. 2000 Nov-Dec;25(6):264-6
pubmed: 16646175
Nurse Educ Pract. 2019 Jul;38:66-71
pubmed: 31176911
J Clin Nurs. 2011 Feb;20(3-4):563-70
pubmed: 20550623
Aust J Rural Health. 2012 Apr;20(2):74-9
pubmed: 22435767
Nurs Rep. 2021 Oct 26;11(4):847-858
pubmed: 34968273
Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2012;14(4):257-68
pubmed: 23980490
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2009 Apr;23(2):148-56
pubmed: 19327557
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2015 Apr-Jun;2(2):99-106
pubmed: 27981100
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Feb;75(2):368-379
pubmed: 30209825