Concerted phenotypic flexibility of avian erythrocyte size and number in response to dietary anthocyanin supplementation.
Anthocyanin supplementation
Antioxidant diet
Cell number
Cell size
Erythrocytes
Phenotypic flexibility
Red blood cells
Journal
Frontiers in zoology
ISSN: 1742-9994
Titre abrégé: Front Zool
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101231669
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 Feb 2023
24 Feb 2023
Historique:
received:
11
07
2022
accepted:
13
02
2023
entrez:
24
2
2023
pubmed:
25
2
2023
medline:
25
2
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Endurance flight impose substantial oxidative costs on the avian oxygen delivery system. In particular, the accumulation of irreversible damage in red blood cells can reduce the capacity of blood to transport oxygen and limit aerobic performance. Many songbirds consume large amounts of anthocyanin-rich fruit, which is hypothesized to reduce oxidative costs, enhance post-flight regeneration, and enable greater aerobic capacity. While their antioxidant benefits appear most straightforward, the effects of anthocyanins on blood composition remain so far unknown. We fed thirty hand-raised European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) two semisynthetic diets (with or without anthocyanin supplement) and manipulated the extent of flight activity in a wind tunnel (daily flying or non-flying for over two weeks) to test for their interactive effects on functionally important haematological variables. Supplemented birds had on average 15% more and 4% smaller red blood cells compared to non-supplemented individuals and these diet effects were independent of flight manipulation. Haemoglobin content was 7% higher in non-supplemented flying birds compared to non-flying birds, while similar haemoglobin content was observed among supplemented birds that were flown or not. Neither diet nor flight activity influenced haematocrit. The concerted adjustments suggest that supplementation generally improved antioxidant protection in blood, which could prevent the excess removal of cells from the bloodstream and may have several implications on the oxygen delivery system, including improved gas exchange and blood flow. The flexible haematological response to dietary anthocyanins may also suggest that free-ranging species preferentially consume anthocyanin-rich fruits for their natural blood doping, oxygen delivery-enhancement effects.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Endurance flight impose substantial oxidative costs on the avian oxygen delivery system. In particular, the accumulation of irreversible damage in red blood cells can reduce the capacity of blood to transport oxygen and limit aerobic performance. Many songbirds consume large amounts of anthocyanin-rich fruit, which is hypothesized to reduce oxidative costs, enhance post-flight regeneration, and enable greater aerobic capacity. While their antioxidant benefits appear most straightforward, the effects of anthocyanins on blood composition remain so far unknown. We fed thirty hand-raised European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) two semisynthetic diets (with or without anthocyanin supplement) and manipulated the extent of flight activity in a wind tunnel (daily flying or non-flying for over two weeks) to test for their interactive effects on functionally important haematological variables.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Supplemented birds had on average 15% more and 4% smaller red blood cells compared to non-supplemented individuals and these diet effects were independent of flight manipulation. Haemoglobin content was 7% higher in non-supplemented flying birds compared to non-flying birds, while similar haemoglobin content was observed among supplemented birds that were flown or not. Neither diet nor flight activity influenced haematocrit.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The concerted adjustments suggest that supplementation generally improved antioxidant protection in blood, which could prevent the excess removal of cells from the bloodstream and may have several implications on the oxygen delivery system, including improved gas exchange and blood flow. The flexible haematological response to dietary anthocyanins may also suggest that free-ranging species preferentially consume anthocyanin-rich fruits for their natural blood doping, oxygen delivery-enhancement effects.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36829190
doi: 10.1186/s12983-023-00487-y
pii: 10.1186/s12983-023-00487-y
pmc: PMC9951440
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
9Subventions
Organisme : National Science Foundation, US
ID : IOS-1354187
Organisme : National Science Foundation, Poland
ID : UMO-2015/19/B/NZ8/01394
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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