Cellular Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Update.
astrocyte
autophagy
hepatic encephalopathy
hyperammonemia
inflammation
manganese toxicity
mitochondria
oxidative/nitrosative stress
senescence
Journal
Biomolecules
ISSN: 2218-273X
Titre abrégé: Biomolecules
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101596414
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
19 02 2023
19 02 2023
Historique:
received:
01
12
2022
revised:
01
01
2023
accepted:
17
02
2023
entrez:
25
2
2023
pubmed:
26
2
2023
medline:
3
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome derived from metabolic disorders due to various liver failures. Clinically, HE is characterized by hyperammonemia, EEG abnormalities, and different degrees of disturbance in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. The molecular mechanism of HE has not been fully elucidated, although it is generally accepted that HE occurs under the influence of miscellaneous factors, especially the synergistic effect of toxin accumulation and severe metabolism disturbance. This review summarizes the recently discovered cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HE. Among the existing hypotheses, ammonia poisoning and the subsequent oxidative/nitrosative stress remain the mainstream theories, and reducing blood ammonia is thus the main strategy for the treatment of HE. Other pathological mechanisms mainly include manganese toxicity, autophagy inhibition, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and senescence, proposing new avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36830765
pii: biom13020396
doi: 10.3390/biom13020396
pmc: PMC9953810
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Ammonia
7664-41-7
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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