Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schools.

COVID-19 in schools SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater surveillance

Journal

Lancet regional health. Americas
ISSN: 2667-193X
Titre abrégé: Lancet Reg Health Am
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9918232503006676

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Historique:
received: 14 10 2022
revised: 30 01 2023
accepted: 01 02 2023
entrez: 27 2 2023
pubmed: 28 2 2023
medline: 28 2 2023
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and accuracy of community-based passive wastewater and surface (environmental) surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in neighborhood schools compared to weekly diagnostic (PCR) testing. We implemented an environmental surveillance system in nine elementary schools with 1700 regularly present staff and students in southern California. The system was validated from November 2020 to March 2021. In 447 data collection days across the nine sites 89 individuals tested positive for COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 374 surface samples and 133 wastewater samples. Ninety-three percent of identified cases were associated with an environmental sample (95% CI: 88%-98%); 67% were associated with a positive wastewater sample (95% CI: 57%-77%), and 40% were associated with a positive surface sample (95% CI: 29%-52%). The techniques we utilized allowed for near-complete genomic sequencing of wastewater and surface samples. Passive environmental surveillance can detect the presence of COVID-19 cases in non-residential community school settings with a high degree of accuracy. County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Centers for Disease Control.

Sections du résumé

Background UNASSIGNED
Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown.
Methods UNASSIGNED
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and accuracy of community-based passive wastewater and surface (environmental) surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in neighborhood schools compared to weekly diagnostic (PCR) testing. We implemented an environmental surveillance system in nine elementary schools with 1700 regularly present staff and students in southern California. The system was validated from November 2020 to March 2021.
Findings UNASSIGNED
In 447 data collection days across the nine sites 89 individuals tested positive for COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 374 surface samples and 133 wastewater samples. Ninety-three percent of identified cases were associated with an environmental sample (95% CI: 88%-98%); 67% were associated with a positive wastewater sample (95% CI: 57%-77%), and 40% were associated with a positive surface sample (95% CI: 29%-52%). The techniques we utilized allowed for near-complete genomic sequencing of wastewater and surface samples.
Interpretation UNASSIGNED
Passive environmental surveillance can detect the presence of COVID-19 cases in non-residential community school settings with a high degree of accuracy.
Funding UNASSIGNED
County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Centers for Disease Control.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100449 PMID: 36844610 PMC: PMC9939935
pubmed: 36844610
doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100449
pii: S2667-193X(23)00023-6
pmc: PMC9939935
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

100449

Subventions

Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH112436
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMHD NIH HHS
ID : L70 MD011114
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U01 HD108787
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Nathan A Baer (NA)
Tom Barber (T)
Anelizze Castro-Martinez (A)
Marisol Chacón (M)
Willi Cheung (W)
Evelyn S Crescini (ES)
Emily R Eisner (ER)
Lizbeth Franco Vargas (L)
Abbas Hakim (A)
Charlotte Hobbs (C)
Alma L Lastrella (AL)
Elijah S Lawrence (ES)
Nathaniel L Matteson (NL)
Karthik Gangavarapu (K)
Toan T Ngo (TT)
Phoebe Seaver (P)
Elizabeth W Smoot (EW)
Rebecca Tsai (R)
Bing Xia (B)
Stefan Aigner (S)
Catelyn Anderson (C)
Pedro Belda-Ferre (P)
Shashank Sathe (S)
Mark Zeller (M)
Kristian G Andersen (KG)
Gene W Yeo (GW)
Ezra Kurzban (E)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : UpdateOf

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Author(s).

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Authors declare they have no competing interests.

Références

Science. 2021 Jun 4;372(6546):1092-1097
pubmed: 33927057
BMJ. 2020 May 29;369:m2122
pubmed: 32471825
mSystems. 2021 Dec 21;6(6):e0113621
pubmed: 34726486
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Sep 1;4(9):e2126447
pubmed: 34550382
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Aug 27;8(3):
pubmed: 32867126
mSystems. 2021 Aug 31;6(4):e0079321
pubmed: 34374562
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020 Nov;17(11):1366-1370
pubmed: 32667850
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Jan 2;14(1):218-224
pubmed: 29048975
Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7925):101-108
pubmed: 35798029
Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jan;174(1):69-79
pubmed: 32941052
Pediatrics. 2021 Mar;147(3):
pubmed: 33310906
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Sep 10;70(36):1242-1244
pubmed: 34499630
mSystems. 2022 Jun 28;7(3):e0141121
pubmed: 35575492
mSystems. 2021 Mar 2;6(2):
pubmed: 33653938
EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Sep;39:101053
pubmed: 34368661
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 17;17(6):e0270168
pubmed: 35714109
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 May 28;70(21):779-784
pubmed: 34043610
Microbiome. 2021 Jun 8;9(1):132
pubmed: 34103074
J Public Health (Oxf). 2022 Aug 25;44(3):e394-e395
pubmed: 34218285
Lancet. 2021 Mar 13;397(10278):952-954
pubmed: 33581803

Auteurs

Rebecca Fielding-Miller (R)

Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Smruthi Karthikeyan (S)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Tommi Gaines (T)

Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Richard S Garfein (RS)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Rodolfo A Salido (RA)

Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Victor J Cantu (VJ)

Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Laura Kohn (L)

Kohn Education Consulting, San Diego, CA, USA.

Natasha K Martin (NK)

Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Adriane Wynn (A)

Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Carrissa Wijaya (C)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Marlene Flores (M)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Vinton Omaleki (V)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Araz Majnoonian (A)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
University of California San Diego and San Diego State University Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Patricia Gonzalez-Zuniga (P)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Megan Nguyen (M)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health Social and Behavioral Interventions, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Anh V Vo (AV)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health Social and Behavioral Interventions, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Tina Le (T)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Dawn Duong (D)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Ashkan Hassani (A)

Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Samantha Tweeten (S)

County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, 1600 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA.

Kristen Jepsen (K)

Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Benjamin Henson (B)

Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Abbas Hakim (A)

Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Amanda Birmingham (A)

Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Peter De Hoff (P)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Adam M Mark (AM)

Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Chanond A Nasamran (CA)

Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Sara Brin Rosenthal (SB)

Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Niema Moshiri (N)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Kathleen M Fisch (KM)

Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Greg Humphrey (G)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Sawyer Farmer (S)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Helena M Tubb (HM)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Tommy Valles (T)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Justin Morris (J)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.

Jaeyoung Kang (J)

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Behnam Khaleghi (B)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Colin Young (C)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Ameen D Akel (AD)

Micron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Sean Eilert (S)

Micron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Justin Eno (J)

Micron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Ken Curewitz (K)

Micron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Louise C Laurent (LC)

University of California San Diego and San Diego State University Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Tajana Rosing (T)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Rob Knight (R)

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Classifications MeSH