Gene polymorphisms associated with heterogeneity and senescence characteristics of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND

Sarcopenia, or loss of skeletal muscle mass and decreased contractile strength, contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The severity of sarcopenia in COPD is variable, and there are limited data to explain phenotype heterogeneity. Others have shown that COPD patients with sarcopenia have several hallmarks of cellular senescence, a potential mechanism of primary (age-related) sarcopenia. We tested if genetic contributors explain the variability in sarcopenic phenotype and accelerated senescence in COPD.

METHODS

To identify gene variants [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] associated with sarcopenia in COPD, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fat free mass index (FFMI) in 32 426 non-Hispanic White (NHW) UK Biobank participants with COPD. Several SNPs within the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene were associated with sarcopenia that were validated in an independent COPDGene cohort (n = 3656). Leucocyte telomere length quantified in the UK Biobank cohort was used as a marker of senescence. Experimental validation was done by genetic depletion of FTO in murine skeletal myotubes exposed to prolonged intermittent hypoxia or chronic hypoxia because hypoxia contributes to sarcopenia in COPD. Molecular biomarkers for senescence were also quantified with FTO depletion in murine myotubes.

RESULTS

Multiple SNPs located in the FTO gene were associated with sarcopenia in addition to novel SNPs both within and in proximity to the gene AC090771.2, which transcribes long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). To replicate our findings, we performed a GWAS of FFMI in NHW subjects from COPDGene. The SNP most significantly associated with FFMI was on chromosome (chr) 16, rs1558902A > T in the FTO gene (β = 0.151, SE = 0.021, P = 1.40 × 10

CONCLUSIONS

Genetic polymorphisms of FTO and AC090771.2 were associated with sarcopenia in COPD in independent cohorts. Knockdown of FTO in murine myotubes caused a molecular phenotype consistent with senescence that was exacerbated by hypoxia, a common condition in COPD. Genetic variation may interact with hypoxia and contribute to variable severity of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle molecular senescence phenotype in COPD.

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.