Pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Loud Sounds Produces Plastic Changes in Motor Output.
LTP
reticulospinal
spike timing-dependent plasticity
startle
Journal
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
ISSN: 1529-2401
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8102140
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 04 2023
05 04 2023
Historique:
received:
27
01
2021
revised:
29
11
2022
accepted:
09
12
2022
medline:
7
4
2023
pubmed:
2
3
2023
entrez:
1
3
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Most current methods for neuromodulation target the cortex. Approaches for inducing plasticity in subcortical motor pathways, such as the reticulospinal tract, could help to boost recovery after damage (e.g., stroke). In this study, we paired loud acoustic stimulation (LAS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex in male and female healthy humans. LAS activates the reticular formation; TMS activates descending systems, including corticoreticular fibers. Two hundred paired stimuli were used, with 50 ms interstimulus interval at which LAS suppresses TMS responses. Before and after stimulus pairing, responses in the contralateral biceps muscle to TMS alone were measured. Ten, 20, and 30 min after stimulus pairing ended, TMS responses were enhanced, indicating the induction of LTP. No long-term changes were seen in control experiments which used 200 unpaired TMS or LAS, indicating the importance of associative stimulation. Following paired stimulation, no changes were seen in responses to direct corticospinal stimulation at the level of the medulla, or in the extent of reaction time shortening by a loud sound (StartReact effect), suggesting that plasticity did not occur in corticospinal or reticulospinal synapses. Direct measurements in female monkeys undergoing a similar paired protocol revealed no enhancement of corticospinal volleys after paired stimulation, suggesting no changes occurred in intracortical connections. The most likely substrate for the plastic changes, consistent with all our measurements, is an increase in the efficacy of corticoreticular connections. This new protocol may find utility, as it seems to target different motor circuits compared with other available paradigms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36859307
pii: JNEUROSCI.0228-21.2022
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0228-21.2022
pmc: PMC10082460
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2469-2481Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/P023967/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 the authors.
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