Mental health of Scandinavians during the first lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychosocial resources and coping strategies as protective or risk factors for anxiety and depression.
Female
Humans
Adaptation, Psychological
Anxiety
/ epidemiology
Communicable Disease Control
/ statistics & numerical data
COVID-19
Depression
/ epidemiology
Mental Health
/ statistics & numerical data
Pandemics
Risk Factors
Scandinavians and Nordic People
/ psychology
Quarantine
/ psychology
Protective Factors
COVID-19
coping strategies
first lockdown
health
protective resources
Journal
Scandinavian journal of psychology
ISSN: 1467-9450
Titre abrégé: Scand J Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0404510
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2023
Oct 2023
Historique:
revised:
27
01
2023
received:
04
02
2022
accepted:
03
02
2023
medline:
19
9
2023
pubmed:
6
3
2023
entrez:
5
3
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The COVID-19 pandemic was a global health and economic crisis. In the early phase of the pandemic, studies found that populations were reporting lower levels of mental well-being and high levels of distress and worry. This study investigated potential protective and risk factors such as sociodemographics and psychological factors such as adaptation/coping. Two convenience samples from Norway and Denmark were recruited during the early phase of the first lockdown in May 2020 using snowball sampling primarily by social media. Measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for screening anxiety and depression, COVID-19 distress, and coping strategies applied during the lockdown. Descriptive analyses were applied as well as bivariate correlations for associations between coping and mental health measures. Levels of anxiety and depression were not alarmingly high, but being young, single, and female constituted a higher risk for poorer mental health. Applying positive reframing strategies was negatively associated with poor mental health and high COVID-19 stress, whereas distraction coping strategies were positively correlated with poor mental health and high COVID-19 stress. Applying positive reframing as a coping strategy may constitute a protective factor for mental health in the early phase of a crisis such as a pandemic. This knowledge may inform public health agencies on how to promote mental health in similar situations in the future. However, longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of the different coping strategies applied.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic was a global health and economic crisis. In the early phase of the pandemic, studies found that populations were reporting lower levels of mental well-being and high levels of distress and worry. This study investigated potential protective and risk factors such as sociodemographics and psychological factors such as adaptation/coping.
METHODS
METHODS
Two convenience samples from Norway and Denmark were recruited during the early phase of the first lockdown in May 2020 using snowball sampling primarily by social media. Measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for screening anxiety and depression, COVID-19 distress, and coping strategies applied during the lockdown. Descriptive analyses were applied as well as bivariate correlations for associations between coping and mental health measures.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Levels of anxiety and depression were not alarmingly high, but being young, single, and female constituted a higher risk for poorer mental health. Applying positive reframing strategies was negatively associated with poor mental health and high COVID-19 stress, whereas distraction coping strategies were positively correlated with poor mental health and high COVID-19 stress.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Applying positive reframing as a coping strategy may constitute a protective factor for mental health in the early phase of a crisis such as a pandemic. This knowledge may inform public health agencies on how to promote mental health in similar situations in the future. However, longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of the different coping strategies applied.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
543-551Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology published by Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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