Skill-Specific Differences in Equipment-Related Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Male and Female Recreational Skiers.
ACL injury
recreational alpine skiing
ski boot
ski geometry
standing height
Journal
Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine
ISSN: 2325-9671
Titre abrégé: Orthop J Sports Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101620522
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Mar 2023
Historique:
received:
28
09
2022
accepted:
08
11
2022
entrez:
10
3
2023
pubmed:
11
3
2023
medline:
11
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In recreational alpine skiing, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is affected in approximately 50% of serious knee injuries. There are established sex-based and skill-based differences in ACL injury risk, but the potential impact of equipment used (eg, skis, bindings, and boots) has not been evaluated. To evaluate individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury depending on sex and skill level. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. This was a retrospective questionnaire-based, case-control study of female and male skiers with and without ACL injuries during 6 winter seasons (from 2014-2015 to 2019-2020). Demographic data, skill level, equipment specifications, risk-taking behavior, and ownership of ski equipment were recorded. Ski geometry (ski length; sidecut radius; and widths of the tip, waist, and tail) was taken from each participant's ski. The standing heights of the front and back part of the ski binding were measured using a digital sliding caliper, and the standing height ratio was calculated. Abrasion of the ski boot sole was also measured at the toe and heel. Participants were divided by sex into less and more skilled skiers. A total of 1817 recreational skiers participated in this study, of whom 392 (21.6%) sustained an ACL injury. A greater standing height ratio and more abrasion at the toe of the boot sole were associated with increased ACL injury risk in both sexes, independent of the skill level. Riskier behavior increased the injury risk only in male skiers, independent of the skill level, and longer skis increased the injury risk only in less skilled female skiers. Older age, the use of rented/borrowed skis, and more abrasion at the heel of the boot sole were independent risk factors for ACL injury in the more skilled skiers of both sexes. Individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury partly differed according to skill level and sex. Consideration of the demonstrated equipment-related factors should be implemented in order to reduce ACL injuries in recreational skiers.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
In recreational alpine skiing, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is affected in approximately 50% of serious knee injuries. There are established sex-based and skill-based differences in ACL injury risk, but the potential impact of equipment used (eg, skis, bindings, and boots) has not been evaluated.
Purpose
UNASSIGNED
To evaluate individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury depending on sex and skill level.
Study Design
UNASSIGNED
Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
This was a retrospective questionnaire-based, case-control study of female and male skiers with and without ACL injuries during 6 winter seasons (from 2014-2015 to 2019-2020). Demographic data, skill level, equipment specifications, risk-taking behavior, and ownership of ski equipment were recorded. Ski geometry (ski length; sidecut radius; and widths of the tip, waist, and tail) was taken from each participant's ski. The standing heights of the front and back part of the ski binding were measured using a digital sliding caliper, and the standing height ratio was calculated. Abrasion of the ski boot sole was also measured at the toe and heel. Participants were divided by sex into less and more skilled skiers.
Results
UNASSIGNED
A total of 1817 recreational skiers participated in this study, of whom 392 (21.6%) sustained an ACL injury. A greater standing height ratio and more abrasion at the toe of the boot sole were associated with increased ACL injury risk in both sexes, independent of the skill level. Riskier behavior increased the injury risk only in male skiers, independent of the skill level, and longer skis increased the injury risk only in less skilled female skiers. Older age, the use of rented/borrowed skis, and more abrasion at the heel of the boot sole were independent risk factors for ACL injury in the more skilled skiers of both sexes.
Conclusion
UNASSIGNED
Individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury partly differed according to skill level and sex. Consideration of the demonstrated equipment-related factors should be implemented in order to reduce ACL injuries in recreational skiers.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36896096
doi: 10.1177/23259671231155841
pii: 10.1177_23259671231155841
pmc: PMC9989403
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
23259671231155841Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this contribution. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.
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