Contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in selected roller skiing techniques on treadmill at moderate inclines.
crosscountry skiing
double poling technique
effectiveness
gear 3 technique
speed maintain
Journal
Frontiers in sports and active living
ISSN: 2624-9367
Titre abrégé: Front Sports Act Living
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101765780
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
20
05
2022
accepted:
06
02
2023
entrez:
13
3
2023
pubmed:
14
3
2023
medline:
14
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Most of the studies about the effects of incline on cross-country skiing are related to the metabolic efficiency. The effective skiing biomechanics has also been indicated to be among the key factors that may promote good performance. The aims of this study were to provide biomechanical characteristics and investigate the relative contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in overcoming the total external resistance with double poling (DP) and Gear 3 (G3) techniques at varying moderate uphill inclines. 10 male cross-country skiers participated in this study. Custom-made force measurement bindings, pole force sensors, and an 8-camera Vicon system were used to collect force data and ski and pole kinematics at 3°, 4° and 5° with 10 km/h skiing speed. The cycle length (CL) decreased by 10% and 7% with DP and G3 technique from 3° to 5° ( The higher power output in overcoming the total resistance was required to ski at a greater incline. With DP technique, the upper body demands, and technical effectiveness were increasing with incline. With G3 technique, the role of external pole work for propulsion is crucial over different terrains while role of legs may stay more in supporting the body against gravity and repositioning body segments.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
Most of the studies about the effects of incline on cross-country skiing are related to the metabolic efficiency. The effective skiing biomechanics has also been indicated to be among the key factors that may promote good performance. The aims of this study were to provide biomechanical characteristics and investigate the relative contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in overcoming the total external resistance with double poling (DP) and Gear 3 (G3) techniques at varying moderate uphill inclines.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
10 male cross-country skiers participated in this study. Custom-made force measurement bindings, pole force sensors, and an 8-camera Vicon system were used to collect force data and ski and pole kinematics at 3°, 4° and 5° with 10 km/h skiing speed.
Results
UNASSIGNED
The cycle length (CL) decreased by 10% and 7% with DP and G3 technique from 3° to 5° (
Conclusion
UNASSIGNED
The higher power output in overcoming the total resistance was required to ski at a greater incline. With DP technique, the upper body demands, and technical effectiveness were increasing with incline. With G3 technique, the role of external pole work for propulsion is crucial over different terrains while role of legs may stay more in supporting the body against gravity and repositioning body segments.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36909359
doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.948919
pmc: PMC9992420
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
948919Informations de copyright
© 2023 Zhao, Lindinger, Ohtonen and Linnamo.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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