Muscular and cortical activation during dynamic and static balance in the elderly: A scoping review.
Balance
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Older adults
Postural control
Journal
Aging brain
ISSN: 2589-9589
Titre abrégé: Aging Brain
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101776137
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
29
12
2020
revised:
17
03
2021
accepted:
18
03
2021
entrez:
13
3
2023
pubmed:
7
4
2021
medline:
7
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Falls due to balance impairment are a major cause of injury and disability in the elderly. The study of neurophysiological correlates during static and dynamic balance tasks is an emerging area of research that could lead to novel rehabilitation strategies and reduce fall risk. This review aims to highlight key concepts and identify gaps in the current knowledge of balance control in the elderly that could be addressed by relying on surface electromyographic (EMG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. The neurophysiological hypotheses underlying balance studies in the elderly as well as the methodologies, findings, and limitations of prior work are herein addressed. The literature shows: 1) a wide heterogeneity in the experimental procedures, protocols, and analyses; 2) a paucity of studies involving the investigation of cortical activity; 3) aging-related alterations of cortical activation during balance tasks characterized by lower cortico-muscular coherence and increased allocation of attentional control to postural tasks in the elderly; and 4) EMG patterns characterized by delayed onset after perturbations, increased levels of activity, and greater levels of muscle co-activation in the elderly compared to younger adults. EMG and EEG recordings are valuable tools to monitor muscular and cortical activity during the performance of balance tasks. However, standardized protocols and analysis techniques should be agreed upon and shared by the scientific community to provide reliable and reproducible results. This will allow researchers to gain a comprehensive knowledge on the neurophysiological changes affecting static and dynamic balance in the elderly and will inform the design of rehabilitative and preventive interventions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36911521
doi: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100013
pii: S2589-9589(21)00009-8
pmc: PMC9997172
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
100013Informations de copyright
© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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