Weaning U.S. food-animals off antimicrobials: What can we learn from state- and city-level policies?
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
01
04
2022
accepted:
28
01
2023
entrez:
15
3
2023
pubmed:
16
3
2023
medline:
21
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Antimicrobials are widely used worldwide in food animal production for controlling and preventing disease and for improving feed conversion efficiency and growth promotion. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animal agriculture has the potential to promote antimicrobial resistance, which represents a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. State and municipal policies in the United States have recently been implemented to improve antimicrobial use and reporting in this sector. This study analyzed the implementation of two state-level policies (California (CA) and Maryland (MD)) and a city-level policy in San Francisco (SF), California that aimed to reduce the use of antimicrobials in food-animals and increase transparency of antimicrobial use. A qualitative analysis was based on in-depth interviews with key informants (KIs) (n = 19) who had direct experience implementing or working in the context of these sub-national policies. Interviews were recorded and transcriptions were analyzed independently by two researchers using a three-stage, grounded theory coding procedure. This study identified four major findings, including 1) vague language on antimicrobial use within policies reduces policy effectiveness; 2) the lack of reporting by producers challenges the ability to evaluate the impact of the policies on actual use; 3) diverse stakeholders need to be involved in order to develop a more effective policy; and 4) funding should be linked to the policy to provide for reporting and data analysis. This analysis provides insights on the successes and failures of existing policies and serves to inform future sub-national policies aiming to improve the judicious use of antimicrobials in food-animals.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36920937
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282315
pii: PONE-D-22-09697
pmc: PMC10016712
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Infective Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0282315Informations de copyright
Copyright: © 2023 Bliss et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
Public Health Rep. 2007 Jan-Feb;122(1):79-87
pubmed: 17236612
Molecules. 2018 Mar 30;23(4):
pubmed: 29601469
J Glob Health. 2019 Dec;9(2):010412
pubmed: 31489183
Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):629-655
pubmed: 35065702
Ir Vet J. 2020 Jan 27;73:2
pubmed: 32002180
Int J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;68:50-53
pubmed: 29410253
Lancet Planet Health. 2017 Nov;1(8):e316-e327
pubmed: 29387833
Agric Human Values. 2021 Dec;38(4):893-909
pubmed: 34776605
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2018 Dec 1;94(12):
pubmed: 30277517
Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:151-69
pubmed: 18348709
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 29;4(1):
pubmed: 30700019
Front Microbiol. 2013 Mar 06;4:29
pubmed: 23508293
N Engl J Med. 1976 Sep 9;295(11):583-8
pubmed: 950974
Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Dec 20;12:3903-3910
pubmed: 31908502
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019 Jan;40(1):112-113
pubmed: 30463634
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 May;52 Suppl 5:S397-428
pubmed: 21474585
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2022 Jun;9(2):339-354
pubmed: 35477845
Zoonoses Public Health. 2015 Apr;62 Suppl 1:79-87
pubmed: 25421382