Racial Disparities in Patients With COVID-19 Infection: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.
covid 19
inpatient mortality
length of hospital stay (los)
national inpatient sample database
racial and ethnic disparities
Journal
Cureus
ISSN: 2168-8184
Titre abrégé: Cureus
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101596737
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2023
Feb 2023
Historique:
accepted:
15
02
2023
entrez:
21
3
2023
pubmed:
22
3
2023
medline:
22
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Introduction Evidence suggests the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic highlighted well-known healthcare disparities. This study investigated racial disparities in patients with COVID-19-related hospitalizations utilizing the US (United States) National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methodology This was a retrospective study conducted utilizing the NIS 2020 database. The NIS was searched for hospitalization of adult patients with COVID-19 infection as a principal diagnosis using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) codes. We divided the NIS into four major racial/ethnic groups: White, Black, Hispanic, and others. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the mean length of stay, mean total hospital charges, development of sepsis, septic shock, use of vasopressors, acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident, and need for mechanical ventilation. Results Compared to White patients, Hispanic patients had higher adjusted inpatient mortality odds (aOR [adjusted odds ratio]: 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.33, p<0.001); however, Black patients had similar adjusted mortality odds (aOR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-1.01, p=0.212). Black patients and Hispanic patients had a higher mean length of stay (8.01 vs 7.13 days, p<0.001 and 7.67 vs 7.13 days, p<0.001, respectively), adjusted odds of cardiac arrest (aOR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.37-1.71, p<0.001 and aOR: 1.73, 95% CI 1.54-1.94, p<0.001), septic shock (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.13-1.33, p<0.001 and aOR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.73-2.04, p<0.001), and vasopressor use (aOR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.53, p<0.001 and aOR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.62 - 2.16, p<0.001). Conclusion Our study showed that Black and Hispanic patients are at higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to White patients admitted with COVID-19 infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36942174
doi: 10.7759/cureus.35039
pmc: PMC10023870
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e35039Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023, Vardar et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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