The Origins of the Dark-Hyperactivity and Negative Peer Relationships, an Objectively Lower Sleep Efficiency, and a Longer Sleep Onset Latency at Age Five Were Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits and Low Empathy at Age 14.

callous-unemotional traits empathy longitudinal study objective sleep

Journal

Journal of clinical medicine
ISSN: 2077-0383
Titre abrégé: J Clin Med
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101606588

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
14 Mar 2023
Historique:
received: 07 12 2022
revised: 28 01 2023
accepted: 14 02 2023
medline: 30 3 2023
entrez: 29 3 2023
pubmed: 30 3 2023
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Within the spectrum of emotional competencies, callous-unemotional traits are socially discouraged, while empathy is considered a socially much more accepted emotional trait. This holds particularly true for adolescents, who are still building up their social and emotional competencies. The aims of the present study were two-fold: First, longitudinally, to identify traits of behavioral problems and objective sleep dimensions at the age of 5 years to predict callous-unemotional traits and empathy at the age of 14 years. Second, cross-sectionally, to associate callous-unemotional traits and empathy with current insomnia, stress, and mental toughness. Preschoolers at the age of 5 years were contacted nine years later at the age of 14 years. At 5 years, parents rated their children's behavior (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ); in parallel, children underwent a one-night sleep-EEG assessment. At the age of 14 years, adolescents completed a series of questionnaires covering callous-unemotional traits, insomnia, empathy, stress, and mental toughness. A total of 77 adolescents (38.1% females) took part in the present study. Longitudinally, higher scores for hyperactivity at age 5 significantly predicted higher callous-unemotional traits at age 14. A higher score for negative peer relationships at age 5 significantly predicted lower scores for cognitive empathy at age 14. Further, objective sleep-EEG measures showed that a higher sleep efficiency and a shorter sleep latency was associated with lower scores for callousness. Cross-sectionally, higher scores for callous-unemotional traits were associated with higher insomnia and stress, while lower insomnia was associated with higher empathy. Mental toughness was unrelated to callous-unemotional traits and empathy. It appears that hyperactivity traits and negative peer relationships and more unfavorable objective sleep patterns at 5 years predicted socially discouraged callous-unemotional traits and low empathy during adolescence. Further, cross-sectionally at the age of 14, callous-unemotional traits, subjective poor sleep, and higher stress were associated.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Within the spectrum of emotional competencies, callous-unemotional traits are socially discouraged, while empathy is considered a socially much more accepted emotional trait. This holds particularly true for adolescents, who are still building up their social and emotional competencies. The aims of the present study were two-fold: First, longitudinally, to identify traits of behavioral problems and objective sleep dimensions at the age of 5 years to predict callous-unemotional traits and empathy at the age of 14 years. Second, cross-sectionally, to associate callous-unemotional traits and empathy with current insomnia, stress, and mental toughness.
METHODS METHODS
Preschoolers at the age of 5 years were contacted nine years later at the age of 14 years. At 5 years, parents rated their children's behavior (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ); in parallel, children underwent a one-night sleep-EEG assessment. At the age of 14 years, adolescents completed a series of questionnaires covering callous-unemotional traits, insomnia, empathy, stress, and mental toughness.
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 77 adolescents (38.1% females) took part in the present study. Longitudinally, higher scores for hyperactivity at age 5 significantly predicted higher callous-unemotional traits at age 14. A higher score for negative peer relationships at age 5 significantly predicted lower scores for cognitive empathy at age 14. Further, objective sleep-EEG measures showed that a higher sleep efficiency and a shorter sleep latency was associated with lower scores for callousness. Cross-sectionally, higher scores for callous-unemotional traits were associated with higher insomnia and stress, while lower insomnia was associated with higher empathy. Mental toughness was unrelated to callous-unemotional traits and empathy.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
It appears that hyperactivity traits and negative peer relationships and more unfavorable objective sleep patterns at 5 years predicted socially discouraged callous-unemotional traits and low empathy during adolescence. Further, cross-sectionally at the age of 14, callous-unemotional traits, subjective poor sleep, and higher stress were associated.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36983253
pii: jcm12062248
doi: 10.3390/jcm12062248
pmc: PMC10053498
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Subventions

Organisme : Swiss National Science Foundation
ID : 32-68193.02
Pays : Switzerland
Organisme : Swiss National Science Foundation
ID : 32-66778.01
Pays : Switzerland

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Auteurs

Larina Eisenhut (L)

Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani (D)

Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.

Vinh Tong Ngo (VT)

Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.

Thorsten Mikoteit (T)

Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland.

Annette Beatrix Brühl (AB)

Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Christina Stadler (C)

Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Kenneth M Dürsteler (KM)

Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
Division of Substance Use Disorders, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Martin Hatzinger (M)

Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland.

Serge Brand (S)

Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
School of Medicine, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Teheran 1417466191, Iran.
Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Classifications MeSH