Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula.
albumin/protein ratio
donor milk
holder pasteurization
infant formula
insulin
preterm milk
term milk
testosterone
Journal
Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Titre abrégé: Nutrients
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101521595
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
19 Mar 2023
19 Mar 2023
Historique:
received:
01
02
2023
revised:
10
03
2023
accepted:
15
03
2023
medline:
30
3
2023
entrez:
29
3
2023
pubmed:
30
3
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Infants have three options for feeding: their own mother's breast milk, donor milk, or infant formula. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk samples from the first 6 months of lactation, in donor milk samples, and in different infant formulas. Mothers who gave birth to term ( During the first 2 months of lactation, the concentration of insulin was lower (-27.4%) while the testosterone concentration was higher (+20.8%) compared to the period between the 3rd and 6th months only in the preterm breast milk samples. The infant formulas examined did not contain insulin or testosterone. Holder pasteurization (HoP) did not influence the level of testosterone in human milk, although HoP decreased the insulin (-53.6%) and albumin (-38.6%) concentrations. Diet impacts the hormone intake of infants, underlining the importance of breastfeeding and the possible supplementation of formula-fed infants.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Infants have three options for feeding: their own mother's breast milk, donor milk, or infant formula. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk samples from the first 6 months of lactation, in donor milk samples, and in different infant formulas.
METHODS
METHODS
Mothers who gave birth to term (
RESULTS
RESULTS
During the first 2 months of lactation, the concentration of insulin was lower (-27.4%) while the testosterone concentration was higher (+20.8%) compared to the period between the 3rd and 6th months only in the preterm breast milk samples. The infant formulas examined did not contain insulin or testosterone. Holder pasteurization (HoP) did not influence the level of testosterone in human milk, although HoP decreased the insulin (-53.6%) and albumin (-38.6%) concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Diet impacts the hormone intake of infants, underlining the importance of breastfeeding and the possible supplementation of formula-fed infants.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36986206
pii: nu15061476
doi: 10.3390/nu15061476
pmc: PMC10051190
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Insulin
0
Testosterone
3XMK78S47O
Albumins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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