Differential Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Occupation: Evidence from the Virus Watch prospective cohort study in England and Wales.
Infection
Occupational health
Pandemic
SARS-CoV-2
Journal
Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)
ISSN: 1745-6673
Titre abrégé: J Occup Med Toxicol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101245790
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Apr 2023
03 Apr 2023
Historique:
received:
04
01
2023
accepted:
21
03
2023
medline:
5
4
2023
entrez:
4
4
2023
pubmed:
5
4
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Workers across different occupations vary in their risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the direct contribution of occupation to this relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate how infection risk differed across occupational groups in England and Wales up to April 2022, after adjustment for potential confounding and stratification by pandemic phase. Data from 15,190 employed/self-employed participants in the Virus Watch prospective cohort study were used to generate risk ratios for virologically- or serologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using robust Poisson regression, adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related factors and non-work public activities. We calculated attributable fractions (AF) amongst the exposed for belonging to each occupational group based on adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Increased risk was seen in nurses (aRR = 1.44, 1.25-1.65; AF = 30%, 20-39%), doctors (aRR = 1.33, 1.08-1.65; AF = 25%, 7-39%), carers (1.45, 1.19-1.76; AF = 31%, 16-43%), primary school teachers (aRR = 1.67, 1.42- 1.96; AF = 40%, 30-49%), secondary school teachers (aRR = 1.48, 1.26-1.72; AF = 32%, 21-42%), and teaching support occupations (aRR = 1.42, 1.23-1.64; AF = 29%, 18-39%) compared to office-based professional occupations. Differential risk was apparent in the earlier phases (Feb 2020-May 2021) and attenuated later (June-October 2021) for most groups, although teachers and teaching support workers demonstrated persistently elevated risk across waves. Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk vary over time and are robust to adjustment for socio-demographic, health-related, and non-workplace activity-related potential confounders. Direct investigation into workplace factors underlying elevated risk and how these change over time is needed to inform occupational health interventions.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Workers across different occupations vary in their risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the direct contribution of occupation to this relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate how infection risk differed across occupational groups in England and Wales up to April 2022, after adjustment for potential confounding and stratification by pandemic phase.
METHODS
METHODS
Data from 15,190 employed/self-employed participants in the Virus Watch prospective cohort study were used to generate risk ratios for virologically- or serologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using robust Poisson regression, adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related factors and non-work public activities. We calculated attributable fractions (AF) amongst the exposed for belonging to each occupational group based on adjusted risk ratios (aRR).
RESULTS
RESULTS
Increased risk was seen in nurses (aRR = 1.44, 1.25-1.65; AF = 30%, 20-39%), doctors (aRR = 1.33, 1.08-1.65; AF = 25%, 7-39%), carers (1.45, 1.19-1.76; AF = 31%, 16-43%), primary school teachers (aRR = 1.67, 1.42- 1.96; AF = 40%, 30-49%), secondary school teachers (aRR = 1.48, 1.26-1.72; AF = 32%, 21-42%), and teaching support occupations (aRR = 1.42, 1.23-1.64; AF = 29%, 18-39%) compared to office-based professional occupations. Differential risk was apparent in the earlier phases (Feb 2020-May 2021) and attenuated later (June-October 2021) for most groups, although teachers and teaching support workers demonstrated persistently elevated risk across waves.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk vary over time and are robust to adjustment for socio-demographic, health-related, and non-workplace activity-related potential confounders. Direct investigation into workplace factors underlying elevated risk and how these change over time is needed to inform occupational health interventions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37013634
doi: 10.1186/s12995-023-00371-9
pii: 10.1186/s12995-023-00371-9
pmc: PMC10068189
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
5Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 206602
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC 19070
Pays : United Kingdom
Investigateurs
Susan Michie
(S)
Pia Hardelid
(P)
Linda Wijlaars
(L)
Eleni Nastouli
(E)
Moira Spyer
(M)
Ben Killingley
(B)
Ingemar Cox
(I)
Rachel A McKendry
(RA)
Tao Cheng
(T)
Yunzhe Liu
(Y)
Jo Gibbs
(J)
Richard Gilson
(R)
Alison Rodger
(A)
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Microbiol Spectr. 2021 Dec 22;9(3):e0133021
pubmed: 34908473
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022 Jan 7;:
pubmed: 34996808
BMJ Open. 2021 Jun 23;11(6):e048042
pubmed: 34162651
Prev Med. 2021 Dec;153:106833
pubmed: 34624386
Euro Surveill. 2020 Dec;25(50):
pubmed: 33334396
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2022 May 4;96:
pubmed: 35506485
J Infect. 2022 Mar;84(3):418-467
pubmed: 34861351
Science. 2021 Jul 9;373(6551):162-163
pubmed: 34244400
Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Apr 1;159(7):702-6
pubmed: 15033648
Euro Surveill. 2021 Oct;26(40):
pubmed: 34622761
Wellcome Open Res. 2021 May 10;6:102
pubmed: 34141900
Am J Ind Med. 2021 Jan;64(1):39-47
pubmed: 33210336
Occup Environ Med. 2022 Jul;79(7):433-441
pubmed: 34965981
Occup Med (Lond). 2020 Oct 27;70(7):470-472
pubmed: 32924061
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2022 Sep 1;48(6):446-456
pubmed: 35670286