Selecting a dietary supplement with appropriate dosing for 6 key nutrients in pregnancy.
calcium
dietary supplements
folic acid
iron
pregnancy
vitamin A
vitamin D
ω-3 FAs
Journal
The American journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1938-3207
Titre abrégé: Am J Clin Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0376027
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2023
04 2023
Historique:
received:
28
10
2022
revised:
21
12
2022
accepted:
27
12
2022
pmc-release:
03
04
2024
medline:
7
4
2023
entrez:
5
4
2023
pubmed:
6
4
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Most pregnant women in the United States (US) are at risk of inadequate intake of key nutrients during pregnancy from foods alone. Current dietary supplement practices reduce risk of inadequacy for only some nutrients and induce excessive intake of other nutrients. Our study aimed to estimate the doses of supplementation needed to help most pregnant women achieve the recommended intake without exceeding upper limits for key prenatal nutrients and to identify US dietary supplements providing these doses. We conducted 24-h dietary recalls in 2450 pregnant participants aged 14-50 y from 2007 to 2019. We estimated the usual intake of vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, and ω-3 FAs from foods alone. We calculated the target doses of supplementation needed to shift 90% of participants to consume above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper limit. We identified products in the Dietary Supplement Label Database providing these target doses of supplementation. The target dose for supplementation was ≥198 mcg retinol activity equivalents of total vitamin A (with ≤2063 mcg preformed retinol); 7-91 mcg vitamin D; 169-720 mcg dietary folate equivalents of folic acid; 383-943 mg calcium; 13-22 mg iron; and ≥59 mg ω-3 FAs. Out of 20,547 dietary supplements (including 421 prenatal products), 69 products (33 prenatal) contained all 6 nutrients; 7 products (2 prenatal) contained target doses for 5 nutrients. Only 1 product (not a prenatal) contained target doses for all 6 nutrients, but it currently costs ∼USD200/mo and requires 7 tablets per daily serving. Almost no US dietary supplements provide key nutrients in the doses needed for pregnant women. Affordable and convenient products that fill the gap between food-based intake and estimated requirements of pregnancy without inducing excess intake are needed to support pregnant women and their offspring. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Most pregnant women in the United States (US) are at risk of inadequate intake of key nutrients during pregnancy from foods alone. Current dietary supplement practices reduce risk of inadequacy for only some nutrients and induce excessive intake of other nutrients.
OBJECTIVES
Our study aimed to estimate the doses of supplementation needed to help most pregnant women achieve the recommended intake without exceeding upper limits for key prenatal nutrients and to identify US dietary supplements providing these doses.
METHODS
We conducted 24-h dietary recalls in 2450 pregnant participants aged 14-50 y from 2007 to 2019. We estimated the usual intake of vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, and ω-3 FAs from foods alone. We calculated the target doses of supplementation needed to shift 90% of participants to consume above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper limit. We identified products in the Dietary Supplement Label Database providing these target doses of supplementation.
RESULTS
The target dose for supplementation was ≥198 mcg retinol activity equivalents of total vitamin A (with ≤2063 mcg preformed retinol); 7-91 mcg vitamin D; 169-720 mcg dietary folate equivalents of folic acid; 383-943 mg calcium; 13-22 mg iron; and ≥59 mg ω-3 FAs. Out of 20,547 dietary supplements (including 421 prenatal products), 69 products (33 prenatal) contained all 6 nutrients; 7 products (2 prenatal) contained target doses for 5 nutrients. Only 1 product (not a prenatal) contained target doses for all 6 nutrients, but it currently costs ∼USD200/mo and requires 7 tablets per daily serving.
CONCLUSIONS
Almost no US dietary supplements provide key nutrients in the doses needed for pregnant women. Affordable and convenient products that fill the gap between food-based intake and estimated requirements of pregnancy without inducing excess intake are needed to support pregnant women and their offspring. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37019542
pii: S0002-9165(23)00003-5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.018
pmc: PMC10273074
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Vitamin A
11103-57-4
Calcium
SY7Q814VUP
Vitamins
0
Folic Acid
935E97BOY8
Calcium, Dietary
0
Iron
E1UOL152H7
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
823-829Subventions
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023287
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U24 OD023382
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023287
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023342
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023286
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023342
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023313
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023349
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023279
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023286
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023279
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U2C OD023375
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023248
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD096032
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023349
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023285
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES016443
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UG3 OD023285
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD034568
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : UH3 OD023313
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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