The Expression of Insulin in the Central Nervous System: What Have We Learned So Far?
Alzheimer’s disease
brain-derived insulin
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
glucose homeostasis
growth and development
hippocampus
hypothalamus
olfactory bulb
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Apr 2023
01 Apr 2023
Historique:
received:
09
03
2023
revised:
22
03
2023
accepted:
26
03
2023
medline:
14
4
2023
entrez:
13
4
2023
pubmed:
14
4
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
After being discovered over a century ago, insulin was long considered to be a hormone exclusively produced by the pancreas. Insulin presence was later discovered in the brain, which was originally accounted for by its transport across the blood-brain barrier. Considering that both insulin mRNA and insulin were detected in the central nervous system (CNS), it is now known that this hormone is also synthesized in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and olfactory bulb. Although many roles of insulin in the CNS have been described, it was initially unknown which of them could be attributed to brain-derived and which to pancreatic insulin or whether their actions in the brain overlap. However, more and more studies have been emerging lately, focusing solely on the roles of brain-derived insulin. The aim of this review was to present the latest findings on the roles of brain-derived insulin, including neuroprotection, control of growth hormone secretion, and regulation of appetite and neuronal glucose uptake. Lastly, the impairment of signaling initiated by brain-derived insulin was addressed in regard to memory decline in humans.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37047558
pii: ijms24076586
doi: 10.3390/ijms24076586
pmc: PMC10095302
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Insulin
0
Insulin, Regular, Human
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Inovation of the Republic of Serbia
ID : 451-03-47/2023-01/200178
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