Respiratory Viral Infections in Recipients of Cellular Therapies: A Review of Incidence, Outcomes, Treatment, and Prevention.

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are of major clinical importance in immunocompromised patients and represent a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies and those who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation. Similarly, patients receiving immunotherapy with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, natural killer cells, and genetically modified T-cell receptors are susceptible to RVIs and progression to lower respiratory tract infections. In adoptive cellular therapy recipients, this enhanced susceptibility to RVIs results from previous chemotherapy regimens such as lymphocyte-depleting chemotherapy conditioning regimens, underlying B-cell malignancies, immune-related toxicities, and secondary prolonged, profound hypogammaglobulinemia. The aggregated risk factors for RVIs have both immediate and long-term consequences. This review summarizes the current literature on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical aspects of RVIs that are unique to recipients of adoptive cellular therapy, the preventive and therapeutic options for common RVIs, and appropriate infection control and preventive strategies.

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Potential conflicts of interest. E. A.-H. has received research funding from Merck. R. F. C. has received research funding from Karius, Merck, AiCuris, Viracor-Eurofins, Takeda, Genentech, Janssen, and Ansun Pharmaceuticals and is a consultant for ADMA Biologics, Janssen, Merck, Molecular Therapeutics, Takeda, Oxford Immunotec, Karius, Shinogi, Genentech, Viracor-Eurofins, and Ansun Pharmaceuticals. All other authors report no potential conflicts.