Mask Adherence and the Relationship Between Masking and Weather-Related Metrics.
COVID-19
College
Mask adherence
Surveillance
Weather
Journal
Journal of community health
ISSN: 1573-3610
Titre abrégé: J Community Health
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 7600747
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2023
10 2023
Historique:
accepted:
01
04
2023
medline:
1
9
2023
pubmed:
25
4
2023
entrez:
25
4
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Little is known about adherence to COVID-19 masking mandates on college campuses or the relationship between weather-related variables and masking. This study aimed to (1) observe students' adherence to on-campus mask mandates and (2) estimate the effect of weather on mask-wearing. Temple University partnered in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's observational Mask Adherence Surveillance at Colleges and Universities Project. February-April 2021, weekly observations were completed at 12 on-campus locations to capture whether individuals wore masks, wore them correctly, and the type of mask worn. Fashion and university masks also were recorded. Weekly average temperature, humidity, and precipitation were calculated. Descriptive statistics were calculated for masking adherence overall, over time, and by location. Statistical significance was assessed between correct mask use and mask type and the linear relationships between weekly weather metrics and mask use. Overall, 3508 individuals were observed with 89.6% wearing masks. Of those, 89.4% correctly wore masks. Cloth (58.7%) and surgical masks (35.3%) were most commonly observed and 21.3% wore fashion masks. N95/KN95 masks were correctly worn in 98.3% of observations and surgical and cloth masks were correctly worn ~ 90% of the time. Weekly adherence varied over time and by campus location. Significant inverse linear relationships existed between weekly temperature (r = - 0.72; p < 0.05) and humidity (r = - 0.63; p ≤ 0.05) and masking. Mask adherence and correct use was high. Temperature and humidity inversely affected adherence. Adherence varied by on-campus location, which suggests the locations (e.g., academic buildings, recreational center) and possibly the characteristics of individuals who frequent certain areas impacted adherence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37097507
doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01219-3
pii: 10.1007/s10900-023-01219-3
pmc: PMC10126535
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
761-768Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker. US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2023. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker
Boehmer, T. K. (2020). Changing age distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic — United States, May–August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Report. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e1
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e1
College Enrollment Statistics [2022]: Total + by Demographic. Education Data Initiative. Accessed July 7, 2022. https://educationdata.org/college-enrollment-statistics
Walke, H. T., Honein, M. A., & Redfield, R. R. (2020). Preventing and responding to COVID-19 on college campuses. JAMA, 324(17), 1727–1728. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.20027
doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.20027
pubmed: 32991681
pmcid: 9648565
Honein, M. A. (2020). Summary of guidance for public health strategies to address high levels of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and related deaths, December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Report. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
Gandhi, M., Beyrer, C., & Goosby, E. (2020). Masks do more than protect others during COVID-19: Reducing the inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 to protect the wearer. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(10), 3063–3066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06067-8
doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06067-8
pubmed: 32737790
pmcid: 7393808
Ataei, M., Shirazi, F. M., Nakhaee, S., Abdollahi, M., & Mehrpour, O. (2022). Assessment of cloth masks ability to limit Covid-19 particles spread: A systematic review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(2), 1645–1676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16847-2
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16847-2
pubmed: 34689269
Howard, J., Huang, A., Li, Z., Tufekci, Z., Zdimal, V., van der Westhuizen, H. M., Delft, A., Price, A., Fridman, L., Tang, L. H., Tang, V., Watson, G. L., Bax, C. E., Shaikh, R., Questier, F., Hernandez, D., Chu, L. F., Ramirez, C. M., & Rimoin, A. W. (2021). An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(4), e2014564118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014564118
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014564118
Hambridge, H. L., Kahn, R., & Onnela, J. P. (2021). Examining SARS-CoV-2 interventions in residential colleges using an empirical network. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 113, 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.008
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.008
pubmed: 34624516
pmcid: 8492892
Andrejko, K. L. (2022). Effectiveness of face mask or respirator use in indoor public settings for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection — California, February–December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Report. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7106e1
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106e1
Lindsley, W. G., Blachere, F. M., Law, B. F., Beezhold, D. H., & Noti, J. D. (2021). Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology, 55(4), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409
doi: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409
pubmed: 35924077
pmcid: 9345365
Gurbaxani, B. M., Hill, A. N., Paul, P., Prasad, P. V., & Slayton, R. B. (2022). Evaluation of different types of face masks to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2: A modeling study. Science and Reports, 12(1), 8630. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11934-x
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11934-x
Burt C. State-by-state mask tracker: Colleges impose new COVID-19 mandates. University Business. Published September 3, 2021. Accessed March 13, 2023. https://universitybusiness.com/state-by-state-mask-tracker-colleges-impose-new-covid-19-mandates/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance for Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs). US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2020. Accessed August 8, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/colleges-universities/considerations.html
Bączyk A, Kiryk A, Rebelka D, Filutowska Z. The impact of weather on citizens’ adherence to wearing face masks due to pandemic restrictions. Published online December 18, 2021.
Scarano, A., Inchingolo, F., & Lorusso, F. (2020). Facial skin temperature and discomfort when wearing protective face masks: Thermal infrared imaging evaluation and hands moving the mask. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134624
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134624
pubmed: 32605056
pmcid: 7369838
Sarwer, D. B. (2019). Body image, cosmetic surgery, and minimally invasive treatments. Body Image, 31, 302–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.009
doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.009
pubmed: 30704847
Temple University Fact Book 2021–2022. Temple University; 2021. Accessed September 22, 2022. https://www.temple.edu/sites/www/files/2021-2022%20Factbook.pdf
Emergency Order Concerning the Use of Face Coverings to Prevent the Spread of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). City of Philadelphia; Office of the Mayor, Department of Public Health; 2020. https://www.phila.gov/media/20200628193437/Mask-Order-Signed-06-26-20.pdf
PA Coronavirus update: Philly won’t require masks outdoors starting Friday. WHYY-FM. Accessed March 1, 2023. https://whyy.org/articles/pa-coronavirus-update-philly-wont-require-masks-outdoors-starting-friday/
COVID-19 Health and Safety Plan. Temple University; 2020.
Weather Underground. Published 1993. https://www.wunderground.com
Condra, A., Coston, T., Jain, M., Manning, S., Pettyjohn, S., & Wahlquist, A. E. (2023). Mask adherence to mask mandate: College campus versus the surrounding community. Journal of Community Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-023-01187-8
doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01187-8
pubmed: 36695922
pmcid: 9874171
City of Philadelphia, Department of Health. Covid-19: Mask compliance by week. City of Philadelphia COVID-19 Overview. https://public.tableau.com/shared/BMNFWW75K?:display_count=y&:origin=viz_share_link&:embed=y&:showVizHome=no
Cohen, D. A., Talarowski, M., Awomolo, O., Han, B., Williamson, S., & McKenzie, T. L. (2021). Systematic observation of mask adherence and distancing (SOMAD): Findings from Philadelphia. Preventive Medicine Reports, 23, 101449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101449
doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101449
pubmed: 34155476
pmcid: 8200254
Studio Ludo. SOMAD Report: Systematic Observation of Mask Adherence & Distancing.; 2020:19.
Bish, A., & Michie, S. (2010). Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review. The British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(4), 797–824. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910710X485826
doi: 10.1348/135910710X485826
pubmed: 20109274
Gette, J. A., Stevens, A. K., Littlefield, A. K., Hayes, K. L., White, H. R., & Jackson, K. M. (2021). Individual and COVID-19-specific indicators of compliance with mask use and social distancing: The importance of norms, perceived effectiveness, and state response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168715
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168715
pubmed: 34444465
pmcid: 8394116
Chughtai, A. A., Seale, H., & Macintyre, C. R. (2020). Effectiveness of cloth masks for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.200948
doi: 10.3201/eid2610.200948
pubmed: 32639930
pmcid: 7510705